Key to species of Neohydatothrips (based on females)

[* indicates five species included only from original descriptions]

1. Fore wing almost clear, very weakly shaded, or more or less uniformly brownish grey, sometimes with extreme apex slightly paler (Figs 67–69, 71).................................................................................. 2

-. Fore wing distinctly bicoloured, with one or more bands distinctly paler than dark areas (Figs 70, 72–74)............... 15

2. Mesonotal median pair of setae almost in line with lateral pair, not more than the width of two sculptured striae in advance of the lateral pair (Fig. 28)................................................................................. 3

-. Mesonotal median pair of setae arising anterior to the lateral pair, at least the width of 4 sculptured striae in advance of the lat- eral pair (Fig. 26)..................................................................................... 5

3. Metanotum weakly reticulate medially; tergite IX with 3 pairs of mid-dorsal setae............................ inversus

-. Metanotum with irregular longitudinal striations medially (Fig. 25); tergite IX with 2 pairs of mid-dorsal setae............ 4

4. Antennal segments III–IV almost uniformly brown with extreme apex darkest but lacking an apically constricted neck (Fig. 66); abdominal segments VIII–X brownish yellow; ocellar area with weak, broadly spaced lines (Fig. 35).. plaumanni sp. n.

-. Antennal segment III largely yellow, not darker at apex, IV with constricted apical neck; abdominal segments VIII–X pale; ocellar area with narrowly transverse reticulate lines (Fig. 25)....................................... goianus sp. n.

5. Fore wing clavus with three stout setae (Fig. 75); metanotum reticulate (Fig. 49); abdominal tergites III–VI mostly brown, only posterior fourth yellow......................................................................... hadrosetae

-. Fore wing clavus with slender setae; metanotum striate; abdominal tergites mostly yellow, only antecostal ridges and lateral thirds anteriorly brown................................................................................. 6

6. Ocellar area with closely spaced transverse lines (Fig. 27)..................................................... 7

-. Ocellar area very weakly reticulate (Fig. 26), or without sculpture............................................... 8

7. Anterior area of pronotum with fine sculpture lines present between striae; pronotal posteromarginal setae S2 55 –60 microns long........................................................................................... flavens

-. No sculpture lines between pronotal striae; pronotal setae S2 45 microns long............................. ikelus sp. n.

8. Ocellar region weakly and irregularly reticulate............................................................. 9

-. Ocellar region with no sculpture lines.................................................................... 13

9. Pronotum pale with several brown spots, blotch indistinct, internal markings present between striae........ maculatus sp. n.

-. Pronotum pale with a distinguishable dark blotch (Fig. 26), no internal markings between pronotal striae............... 10

10. Tergites VII–IX brown; fore wing second vein with two setae............................................. * aztecus

-. Tergites VII–IX yellow; fore wing second vein with one or no seta.............................................. 11

11. Ocellar setae III no further apart than width of first ocellus; fore wing second vein with no setae distally; mouthcone long, extending beyond fore coxae...................................................................... gracilipes

-. Ocellar setae III further apart; fore wing second vein with one seta distally; mouthcone not extending beyond fore coxae... 1 2

12. Posteromarginal comb on tergite VII with minute teeth; dorsum of hind tibia shaded brown medially; antecostal ridge on terg- ite VIII yellow.................................................................................. signifer

-. Posteromarginal comb on tergite VII with developed teeth; dorsum of hind tibia yellow; antecostal ridge on tergite VIII medi- ally usually brown.............................................................................. burungae

13. Antennal segment IV with sense cone scarcely extending to base of segment V; tergite VII with posteromarginal comb com- plete medially............................................................................... sulcus sp. n.

-. Antennal segment IV with sense cone extending beyond basal third of segment V; tergite VII with posteromarginal comb absent medially..................................................................................... 14

14. Pronotum with brown spots laterally and indistinguishable blotch; tergites VII–VIII with brown shadings medially.................................................................................................... zucchi sp. n.

-. Pronotum pale with distinguishable blotch; tergites VII–VIII completely yellow............................. luculentus

15. Pronotum boldly reticulate in anterior third (Fig. 15), transverse width of some median reticles no more than 5 times their median length...................................................................................... 16

-. Pronotum usually transversely striate, if with transversely elongate reticles then their transverse width is more than 5 times their median length (Figs 32, 34)........................................................................ 20

16. Some pronotal reticles with internal linear sculptured markings [some reticles fused transversely to produce elongate reticles]; median pair of mesonotal setae arise in line with lateral pair; fore wing uniformly dark distal to sub-basal pale band (Fig. 67)............................................................................................... basilaris

-. Pronotal reticles without internal markings; median pair of mesonotal setae arise anterior to lateral pair; fore wing with pale band either medially or at apex (Figs 87, 88).............................................................. 17

17. Tergites II–VI with posteromarginal fringe of microtrichia medially [fore wing uniformly dark medially but sharply paler distal to last two setae on first vein; head dark brown, ocellar area with widely spaced striae; pronotum anterior third yellow, also abdominal segments V–VI; metanotal striae close and longitudinal medially]............................... fimbriatus

-. Tergites II–VI without a fringe of microtrichia medially on posterior margin..................................... 18

18. Fore wing with apex pale; occipital apodeme not touching posterior margin of compound eyes (Fig. 20)........... daedalus

-. Fore wing apex brown (Fig. 87); occipital apodeme touching posterior margin of compound eyes (Fig. 17).............. 19

19. Fore wing with a distinct median pale band; mid- and hind femora brown only medially............... * pseudoannulipes

-. Fore wing with a diffuse and indistinct median pale band (Fig. 89); mid- and hind femora completely brown.. chelinus sp. n.

20. Occipital apodeme close to or confluent with posterior margin of compound eyes (Fig. 36).......................... 21

-. Occipital apodeme further apart from posterior margins of compound eyes (at least one facet of distance) (Figs 37, 38).... 3 1

21. Anterior half of pronotum with internal markings between striae (sometimes very few)............................. 22

-. Anterior half of pronotum without internal markings between striae............................................. 27

22. Fore wing with three pale bands (but apical band sometimes weak) (Fig. 100)..................................... 23

-. Fore wing with one or two distinct pale bands (Fig. 103)...................................................... 25

23. Pronotum with dense internal markings between the striae (Fig. 32); fore wing without subapical lobe....... notialis sp. n.

-. Pronotum with few internal markings between the striae (Fig. 20); fore wing with subapical lobe (cf. Fig. 34 in Lima & Mound, 2016)....................................................................................... 24

24. Fore wing with no setae on second vein; pronotal lines of sculpture forming transverse reticles.............. dosulis sp. n.

-. Fore wing with one seta on second vein; pronotal lines of sculpture not forming transverse reticles............ maculicollis

25. Fore wing with one distinct pale band...................................................... novateutoniae sp. n.

-. Fore wing with two distinct pale bands.................................................................... 26

26. Tergites III–VI medially with fringe of short microtrichia on posterior margin; metanotal sculpture longitudinally striate medi- ally with lines between the main striae; abdominal segment X brown; fore wing median dark area long, usually more than 2.0 times as long as the median pale area............................................................ portoricensis

-. Tergites III–VI medially with no microtrichia on posterior margin; metanotal sculpture with anastomosing lines medially, and many fine sculptured markings between the striae; abdominal segment X yellow; fore wing median dark area shorter, usually less than 1.5 times as long as the median pale area (Fig. 105)............................................ ruginosus

27. Fore wing with three distinct pale areas (Figs 90, 93)........................................................ 28

-. Fore wing with one or two pale areas (Fig. 107)............................................................ 30

28. Abdominal tergites III–IV and VII–IX completely brown.................................................. varius

-. Abdominal tergites III–IV yellow at least medially; tergites VII–IX yellow or brownish yellow....................... 29

29. Antennal segments IV–V largely yellow with apices shaded brown; abdominal tergite II completely brown; abdominal tergite VII brown anterolaterally......................................................................... fasciatus

-. Antennal segments IV–V largely or completely brown; tergite II brown only laterally; abdominal tergite VII completely brown............................................................................................. flavicollis

30. Fore wing clavus with setae exceptionally stout, black, and longer than clavus width; pronotal blotch dark brown; abdominal segment VI dark brown medially but with a small yellow area laterally............................... clavisetis sp. n.

-. Fore wing clavus setae not stout; pronotal blotch yellow (Fig. 39); abdominal segment VI uniformly suffused brown or brown- ish yellow........................................................................................ sidae

31. Anterior half of pronotum with internal markings between striae (sometimes very few)............................. 32

-. Anterior half of pronotum without internal markings between striae............................................ 35

32. Fore wing with median and apical areas uniformly dark [sub-basal area pale]................................ lassatus

-. Fore wing with median and apical areas pale or suffused with brown [sub-basal area pale]........................... 33

33. Fore wing with three distinct pale areas, second vein without setae; mesonotum and metanotum posteriorly yellow; tergites V– VI yellow in contrast to brown VII–VIII............................................................* mirandai

-. Fore wing with median and apical areas suffused brown to pale; second vein with one seta; mesonotum and metanotum com- pletely brown; tergites V–VI brown...................................................................... 34

34. Ocellar area with weak lines of sculpture; pronotal transverse sculpture lines close together (Fig. 42).............. tibialis

-. Ocellar area with distinct lines of sculpture forming ill-defined reticles (Fig. 22); pronotal transverse lines of sculpture further apart......................................................................................... humberto

35. Head bicoloured, mostly yellow (Fig. 38).................................................................. 36

-. Head uniformly brown (Fig. 37)......................................................................... 38

36. Body bicoloured dark brown and pale; tergites VII–VIII brown....................................... renatae sp. n.

-. Body colour yellowish brown; tergites never dark brown..................................................... 37

37. Fore wing with three distinct pale bands.......................................................... gaucho sp. n.

-. Fore wing mostly brown with sub-basal area pale.................................................... * rapoporti

38. Pronotal blotch dark brown (Fig. 37)............................................................. samayunkur

-. Pronotal blotch yellow or indistinct...................................................................... 39

39. Postocellar setae in a longitudinal row (Fig. 22); occipital apodeme remarkably far from posterior margin of compound eyes (2 or more facets distant).......................................................................... hemileucus

-. Postocellar setae in transverse row; occipital apodeme about one facet width from posterior margin of compound eye..... 40

40. Pronotal blotch yellow, but distinct; abdominal tergites IX–X brown...................................... paraensis

-. Pronotal blotch indistinct; abdominal tergites IX–X yellow............................................ * angelorum