Tristramella simonis (G̡nther, 1864) [N]—Short jaw tristramella; Mesht addadi

Taxonomy. Original description: Chromis simonis Günther, 1864: 492 [Lake Tiberias [Galilée], Israel; lectotype: BMNH 1864.8.20.10. Paralectotypes: BMNH 1864.8.20.11 (1)].—Syrian synonyms: Chromis simonis Günther, 1864 .—Revisions: None.—Illustration: Krupp & Schneider (1989: 404, fig. 54); Borkenhagen & Freyhof (2009: 335, fig. 1).

Status in Syria. First record from Syria by Beckman (1962: 66) as Tristramella simonis simonis; confirmed by Hurani (2005); Borkenhagen & Freyhof (2009); Barakat et al. (2020) and Dib et al. (2021).—Syrian materials: None.

Distribution and habitat. Distribution in Syria: Yarmouk and Al-Kabir Al-Shamali rivers.—Distribution in River Basin: 3-Desert, 5-Barada & Awaj, 6-Coastal, 7-Al-Yarmouk.—General distribution: Jordan River system, Israel, Lebonan, and Syria; introduced elsewhere.—Distribution in Ecoregion: 437-Orontes, 438- Jordan River, 440-Arabian Interior.—Habitat: It lives in lakes, springs, and rivers. Spawns from March to August. It is a female mouth-brooder. Freshwater, brackish.

Economic importance. Locally consumed, but of no commercial importance.

Conservation. Conservation status in Syria: Unknown.—IUCN: VU (IUCN 2023).—Threats: ABS, CLI, CON, HAB.—High sensitivity to human activities.—Not considered as a keystone species.—Decline status: Decreasing.—High priority for conservation action.