41. Croton vulnerarius Baillon (1864:328)

Lectotype (designated by Santos et al. 2017): — BRAZIL. São Paulo: 1816, A. Saint-Hilaire C2 1405 (P 00634572!; isolectotypes A 002772371!, P 00634569!, P 00634570!, P 00634571!). Remaining syntypes: — BRAZIL. São Paulo: Mogi das Cruzes, 1816, A. Saint-Hilaire D 652 (A 00277238!, F 0093307F!, P 00634573!). (Fig. 19, K–N)

This tree has the highest number of stamens (80–130) among the Croton species of Paraná, which makes the staminate flower buds quite enlarged. It is most morphologically similar to C. celtidifolius (see under C. celtidifolius), but they are difficult to differentiate when specimens lack flowers and/or fruits. However, branches and inflorescences of C. vulnerarius appear to be more robust when compared to those of C. celtidifolius . The species belongs to section Cyclostigma .

Distribution and habitat:— It occurs in southern (PR) and southeastern (MG, RJ, SP) Brazil (Santos et al. 2017, Caruzo et al. 2020), where it grows in Atlantic rainforest and riparian forest, between 800 and 1030 m elevation (Fig. 20).

Phenology:— Flowering and fruiting from September to November, February, March, and July.

Representative specimens:— PARANÁ: Bocaiúva do Sul, Bacaetava, 08 July 1993, C. B . Poliquesi 164 (MBM). Jaguariaíva, PR-151, 28 March 1974, R . Kummrow 468 (MBM, NY); Fazenda Barros, 09 February 1997, O. S . Ribas & L. B. S . Pereira 1677 (MBM). Sengés, Morro Pelado, 16 June 1971, G . Hatschbach 26765 (MBM); Estrada para Fazenda Rio Bonito, 13 February 1995, J. P . Souza, P. H . Miyagi & J. A . Zandoval 29 (ESA, MBM, UNIP) .