23. Croton macrobothrys Baillon (1864: 332) .

Lectotype (designated by Caruzo et al. 2016): — BRAZIL. Rio de Janeiro: Serra dos Órgãos, 1833, M. Vauthier 92 (P 00633413!; isolectotypes F 0056158F!, G 00434542!, GH 00257954!, GDC 00311416!, GDC G00311415!, MPU 014844!, P 00633414!, P 00633415!) . (Fig. 13, J–L)

Croton macrobothrys is a large tree characterized by the presence of copious red latex when the bark is cut, ovatelanceolate leaves, stipitate acropetiolar glands, elongated inflorescences, and long pedicellate flowers. Caruzo et al. (2016) recognized two subspecies for C. macrobothrys, with only the typical one present in Paraná ( C. macrobothrys subsp. macrobothrys). The species belongs to section Cyclostigma (van Ee et al. 2011) .

Distribution and habitat:— It occurs in southern (PR, SC, RS) and southeastern Brazil (RJ, SP) (Caruzo et al. 2016, 2020, Valduga et al. 2021). In Paraná, the species is more common in the east of the state, on the slopes of Serra do Mar. It grows in moist forest, between 50 and 400 m elevation. (Fig. 12).

Phenology:— Flowering from November to December, and fruiting December, January and May.

Representative specimens:— PARANÁ: Cerro Azul, 02 November 2006, A . Dunaiski 3222 (HFIE, MBM). Guaraqueçaba , Salto Murato, 15 November 1993, G . Hatschbach & J. M . Silva 59776 (MBM, RB, SPF, W). Guaratuba, Descampado, 15 January 1994, G . Hatschbach & J. M . Silva 59816 (HUEFS, K, MBM, SPF). Morretes , Colônia Limeira, 08 November 2007, J. M . Silva, J . Cordeiro & C. B . Poliquesi 6139 (HCF, MBM). Tunas do Paraná, Pacas, 15 December 1999, J. M . Silva & L. M . Abe 3116 (MBM, SPF, W) .