5. Croton ceanothifolius Baillon (1864: 295) .

Lectotype (first step designated by Lima & Pirani 2008b, second step designated here): — BRAZIL. Minas Gerais: ‘dans les capueiras’, 1816, A. Saint-Hilaire D-558 (P 00493358!; isolectotypes P 00493359!, P 00623093!) . Remaining syntype: — BRAZIL. Minas Gerais: ‘ass. comm. sur. les bords de l’Ouro-Preto’, 1816–1821, A. Saint-Hilaire B1-227 (P 00493360!) (Fig. 3, A–E).

Croton ceanothifolius is a very common shrub in Paraná. It has discolorous leaves, the adaxial leaf surface with stellate trichomes and the abaxial surface with stellate-lepidote trichomes. Leaf venation can be easily distinguished, and secondary veins are raised on the abaxial surface. The species belongs to sect. Lamprocroton subsect. Lamprocroton (Müller Argoviensis 1873: 244) van Ee & Berry (2011: 93) .

Distribution and habitat:— It occurs in southern (PR, RS, SC) and southeastern Brazil (MG, SP) (Caruzo & Cordeiro 2007, Caruzo et al. 2020). Frequent in habitats include open vegetation, edges of forest, riverbanks, rock outcrops or sandy soils, between 750 and 1200 m elevation. (Fig. 4).

Phenology:— Flowering and fruiting throughout the year.

Representative specimens:— PARANÁ: Bocaiúva do Sul, Fazenda Serra do Putunã, 17 March 2005, J. M . Silva, L. M . Abe & F. F . Ramos 4294 (MBM, RB). Curitiba, Boqueirão, 28 January 1975, L. F . Ferreira 194 (MBM, MO). Palmeira, Cercado, 14 February 2006, E . Barbosa, J . Cordeiro, E. F . Costa & E. S . Pinto 1201 (MBM, RB). Ponta Grossa, 25°10’15.1”S, 49°55’28.4”W, 1012 m, 16 October 2009, M. G . Caxambu & E. L . Siqueira 2745 (HCF, MBM). União da Vitória, Bom Jesus, 753 m, 08 January 2016, A. P. N . Pereira & C. V . Ubinski 20 (SP) .