Titanogryllus salgado Jaiswara, Souza-Dias, Desutter-Grandcolas & de Mello n. sp.

Figures 1A – 6

http://lsid.speciesfile.org/urn:lsid: Orthoptera .speciesfile.org:TaxonName:501927

Type locality. Brazil, Espírito Santo State, municipality of Linhares, Reserva Natural Vale.

Etymology. Species name is a noun in apposition after the Brazilian humanist photographer Sebastião Ribeiro Salgado Júnior (born 1944).

Distribution. Atlantic Forest, in Espirito Santo State, municipality of Linhares, Reserva Natural Vale (Vale Natural Reserve).

Type material. Holotype, allotype, 2 male paratypes, 6 female paratypes. Holotype: male, with genitalia removed and kept with the specimen, labeled “ Brasil — ES [Espírito Santo] — Linhares. 23-25.vii/2012 — Reserva Vale. Projeto SISBIOTA 563360/2010-0 Conjunto 23 Armadilha C ” (MZSP) . Allotype: female, labeled “ Brasil — ES — Linhares. 23-25/vii/12 — Reserva Vale. Projeto SISBIOTA 5 63360/2010-0. Conjunto 16. Armadilha E ” (MZSP) . Paratypes: 2 males, 6 females. 1 male, labeled “Linhares, Réserve forestière, Compagnie Vale do Rio Doce, Etat de Espirito Santo, Brésil, 14.xi.1992, Nuit, fn LD31, terre nue avec cavités [bare ground with cavities], L. Desutter-Grandcolas (MNHN-EO-ENSIF7004)” (MNHN) ; 1 male labeled “ Fragment ‘MEME’ S 19°08’15,8 ’ W 40°05’04,4”, 12.xi.2000, 40km NNE Linhares, Espirito Santo, Brésil, forêt semi-décidue (extraction sélective), P. Grandcolas & R. Pellens (MNHN-EO-ENSIF7005)” (MNHN) ; 1 female labeled “ Reserva Natural Vale, Linhares ES [Espírito Santo]. Trilha da Gávea / Farinha Seca. 14.i.2012. J.P.P. Pena-Barbosa et al.” (MZSP) ; 1 female labeled “ Brasil — ES — Linhares. 23-25/vii/12 — Reserva Vale. Projeto SISBIOTA 563360/2010-0. Conjunto 30. Armadilha E ” (MZSP) ; 1 female labeled “ Brasil — ES — Linhares. 23-25/vii/12 — Reserva Vale. Projeto SISBIOTA 5 63360/2010-0. Conjunto 1. Armadilha B ” (MZSP) ; 1 female labeled “ Brasil — ES — Linhares. 23-25/ vii/12 — Reserva Vale. Projeto SISBIOTA 563360/2010-0. Conjunto 24. Armadilha C ” (MZSP) ; 1 female labeled “BR, ES, Linhares, Reserva Vale do Rio Doce. Mata. i-96. 19o09’10”S / 40o03’93” W. F.A.G. Mello, S.S. Nihei, leg.” (BOTU) ; 1 female labeled “ Linhares — ES [Espírito Santo], viii/2003 ” (BOTU) .

Diagnosis. Species large (3–4cm body length), general coloration medium to yellowish brown. TIII inner apical spurs: dorsal longest, median slightly shorter, ventral smaller (iad>iam>iav); TIII outer apical spurs: median longest, dorsal slightly shorter, ventral smaller (oam>oad>oav). Male genitalia: anterior margin of pseudepiphallic sclerite with medial furrow; lateral lophi wide, posterior margin dorsally concave, bifurcated, rounded laterally; medial lophi short, straight, with shallow depression; apex of rami almost connected; pseudepiphallic parameres elongated, apex rounded, ventrally surpassing apex of lateral lophi; ectophallic apodemes elongated, longer than in T. oxossi n. sp. and T. oxente n. sp. Female. Body medium to yellowish brown; copulatory papilla small, rounded; basis convex dorsally, medially extended ventrally; apex membranous, rounded.

Description. In addition to the characters of the genus:

Species large (~ 3cm body length), general coloration medium to yellowish brown (Figs. 1A, 2A, 3A, 4A, B). Head. Head large, wider than long, medium brown (Figs. 1A, 2A, D, 3A, 4A). Posterior margin of occiput medium brown, with 2 lines going from occiput to vertex and 2 lines going from occiput to dorsal margin of eyes (Figs. 1A, 2A, B, D, 3A, 4A). Occiput and vertex glabrous (Figs. 2B, D, F, 3A, 4C). Eyes small, with small unpigmented area on dorsal margin (Figs. 1A, 2A, D, 4A). Fastigium glabrous, wide as vertex, at least 2x wider than antennal scape (Figs. 2D, 3A, 4A). Antennal scape and antennomeres medium brown. In lateral view, gena medium brown (Fig. 2B). Three ocelli, almost in line; lateral ocellus larger than in T. oxossi n. sp. and T. oxente n. sp., circular; median ocellus small, flat (Figs. 2B, D, F, 4C). Maxillary palpi light brown; apex rounded, whitish (Fig. 2B). Frons yellowish brown, very short, shorter than clypeus (Figs. 2F, 4C). Clypeus, labrum and mandibles yellowish brown (Figs. 2F, 4C).

Thorax. DD saddle-shaped, glabrous, wider than long, yellowish brown, with medium brown maculae; cephalic margin concave, caudal margin almost straight (Figs. 1A, 2A, D, 3A, 4A). LL ventro-cephalic angle rounded, ventral margin straight, ventro-caudal angle ascendant (Figs. 2B, 4B).

Legs. FI, FII light brown; TI, TII medium brown (Figs. 1A, 2A, 3A, 4A, B). Tympanum on both sides of TI. TI with 2 ventral spurs and 1 dorsal (inner). TII with 4 spurs. Legs III not specially elongated, longer than in T. oxossi n. sp. and T. oxente n. sp. FIII yellowish brown, covered with dark brown pubescence; FIII medium brown in the articulation with TIII (Figs. 1A, 2A, 3A, 4A, B). TIII and basitarsus–III yellowish brown, with medium brown maculae (Figs. 1A, 2A, 3A, 4A, B). TIII with spines before subapical spurs; subapical spurs 3/3 (Fig. 2I). Inner apical spurs: dorsal longest, median slightly shorter, ventral smaller (iad>iam>iav) (Fig. 2K); outer apical spurs: median longest, dorsal slightly shorter, ventral smaller (oam>oad>oam) (Fig. 2J). Double row of 5 spines on basitarsus–III (Fig. 2I).

Abdomen. Tergites pubescent, medium brown, yellowish brown medially. Cerci medium brown (Figs. 1A, 2A, 3A, 4A).

Male. Legs III longer than body length (Figs. 1A, 2A, 4A, B). Male FWs medium brown, reaching half of abdomen; anal vein area bulged dorsally; harp crossed with 6, almost transverse veins; mirror undivided, distinct from apical venation; apical field very short, almost reduced; CuPb short; lateral field with 4–5 longitudinal veins (Figs. 1A, 2A, C, E, 4A, B). Metanotum without metanotal structures. Male supra anal plate pubescent, light brown with medium brown maculae, medially constricted; proximal margin almost straight, distal margin rounded (Fig.

2G). Subgenital plate pubescent, medium brown, triangular, proximal margin concave, distal margin rounded (Fig. 2H).

Male genitalia. Pseudepiphallus: anterior margin with medial furrow (Figs. 5A, 6A); lateral lophi wide, posterior margin dorsally concave, bifurcated, rounded laterally (Figs. 5A, C 6A, C); medial lophi short, straight, with shallow depression (Figs. 5A, 6A). Rami elongated, apically bent towards ventral side; apex of each ramus almost connected (Figs. 5A–C, 6A–C). Pseudepiphallic parameres elongated, apex rounded, ventrally surpassing the apex of lateral lophi (Figs. 5B, 6B). Ectophallic invagination: ectophallic apodemes elongated, longer than in T. oxossi n. sp. and T. oxente n. sp., reaching two-third of rami length (Figs. 5A, B, 6A, B); ectophallic arc dorsal, thin, amost indistinguishable, below pseudepiphallic medial lophi; ectophallic fold furrowed (Figs. 5B, 6B). Endophallus: endophallic sclerite small, related to ectophallic fold (Figs. 5B, 6B); endophallic cavity reduced.

Female. Species large (body length ~ 4cm), larger than males (Fig. 3A). General coloration: body medium to yellowish brown; head, pronotum and legs same colour as males (Fig. 3A). FW small, very reduced (Figs. 3A, B). Abdomen glabrous, medium brown (Fig. 3A). Supra anal plate pubescent, medium brown with light brown maculae, medially constricted; proximal margin almost straight, distal margin rounded (Fig. 3C). Subgenital plate small, proximal margin almost straight, distal margin medially convex, angles rounded (Fig. 3D). Ovipositor short, shorter than FIII; apex of ovipositor modified, with conspicuous concavity; apex pointed and curved downwards in lateral view, with ventral protuberance (Figs. 3E, F, G).

Female genitalia. Copulatory papilla small, rounded; basis convex dorsally, medially extended ventrally; apex membranous, rounded, as in Figs. 5 D–F.

Measurements (mm). Males (n=3)– mean (range): BL – 33.63 (32.4–35); PL – 5.05 (4.8–5.4); PW – 7.45 (7– 7.7); FWL – 13.33 (13–13.5); FWW – 8.41 (8–8.7); LFIII – 22.83 (21–25); WFIII – 6.5 (6–7.5); LTIII – 13.46 (11.4– 17.5).

Females (n=7)– mean (range): BL – 37.45 (36–39.15); HW – 8.57 (7.95-9); IOD – 5.01 (4.65–5.4); PL – 5.2 (4.65– 5.55); AWP – 8.22 (7.65–8.7); PWP – 6.66 (6.15–7.05); PW – 8.16 (7.5–8.7); LFIII – 20.31 (19.8–21.15); WFIII – 6.21 (6–6.75); LTIII – 10.54 (10.05–11.1); LBt-III – 4.92 (4.65–5.4); OL – 9 (8.4–10.05).