Rhagovelia elegans Uhler, 1894

(Fig. 4C–E, 8A)

Rhagovelia elegans Uhler, 1894: 216–217 .

Rhagovelia insularis Champion, 1898:135 . Syn. by Polhemus (1997: 119).

Rhagovelia costalimai Drake, 1948:142 . Syn. by Polhemus (1997: 119).

Rhagovelia trinidalis Drake, 1948:143 . Syn. by Polhemus (1997: 119).

Rhagovelia gorgona Manzano, Nieser & Caicedo, 1995: 54 . Syn. by Padilla-Gil & Moreira (2013: 410).

Rhagovelia pediformis Padilla-Gil, 2010a: 293 . Syn. nov.

Remarks. After examining the type material of R. pediformis, we found that the body color and structural characteristics (Figs. 4 C-E) are within the range of variation observed for R. elegans in material from different localities and reported in numerous publications (Moreira & Ribeiro 2009; Moreira et al. 2010, 2012, 2015, 2016; Moreira & Campos 2012; Dias-Silva et al., 2013; Cordeiro & Moreira, 2015; Moreno et al. 2018; Giehl et al. 2020). The measurements presented in the description of R. pediformis are considerably larger than those observed on the type specimens. Padilla-Gil (2010a) reported a body length of 5.70 mm for the male, when in reality it measures approximately 4.50 mm, and 5.60 mm for the female, when it is actually approximately 4.20 mm long (Table 2). The apex of the male proctiger is not as wide as that presented by Padilla-Gil (2010a: 294, fig. 3), and is very similar to that presented by Polhemus (1997: 127, fig. 106) for R. elegans . Furthermore, the paramere is almost identical to the one presented by Bacon (1956) for R. elegans . Finally, Polhemus (1997) had commented on the intraspecific variation of R. elegans, stating that widely separated populations had been described as distinct species by different authors, but with no consistent differences among them. This led him to treat R. costalimai Drake, 1948, R. insularis Champion, 1898, and R. trinidalis Drake, 1948 as synonyms of R. elegans . Accordingly, we consider R. pediformis to also be a synonym of the last species. Rhagovelia gorgona Manzano, Nieser & Caicedo, 1995 is yet another synonym of R. elegans, as determined by Padilla-Gil & Moreira (2013).

Distribution. BRAZIL (Gould 1931). COLOMBIA: Amazonas (Polhemus 1997), Antioquia (Aristizábal-García 2017), Caldas (this work), Casanare (Aristizábal-García 2017), Cauca (Bacon 1956, Manzano et al. 1995), Cesar (Aristizábal-García 2017), Chocó (this work), Córdoba (this work), Cundinamarca (Aristizábal-García 2017), Huila (this work), Magdalena (Polhemus 1997, this work), Meta (Aristizábal-García 2017, this work), Nariño (Padilla-Gil 2010a, 2013, 2017), Norte de Santander (this work), Quindío (Morales-Castaño & Molano-Rendón 2008, Aristizábal-García 2017, this work), Santander (this work), Sucre (Aristizábal-García 2017, Moreno et al. 2018), Tolima (Parra-Trujillo et al., 2014; this work), Valle del Cauca (Polhemus 1997, Morales-Castaño & Molano-Rendón 2008, this work), Vichada (this work) (Fig. 8A). COSTA RICA (Polhemus 1997). DOMINICA (Bacon 1956). ECUADOR (Polhemus 1997). GRENADA (Uhler 1894). HISPANIOLA ISLAND (Polhemus 1997). MARTINIQUE (de Kort-Gommers & Nieser 1969). PANAMA (Champion 1898). ST. KITTS & NEVIS (Bacon 1956). ST. LUCIA (Polhemus 1997). ST. VINCENT & THE GRENADINES (Uhler 1893). TRINIDAD & TOBAGO (Gould 1931). VENEZUELA (Hungerford 1944).

Type material examined. Holotype apterous ♂, allotype apterous ♀ of R. pediformis (ICN): ‘ Colombia, Nariño, Tumaco, Río Mejicano, Vereda El Retorno, 4 II 2009 D. Padilla, leg.’

Additional material examined. Caldas: Norcasia, Río Manso, quebrada 1, 07.X.2016, (C. Llano): 11 ♂ apterous, 2 ♀ macropterous, 5 ♀ apterous (UPTC-In-05583) . Chocó: Acandí, Capurganá, quebrada camino al Cielo, 12.VII.2015, (F. Molano): 1 ♀ apterous (UPTC-In-05585) . Acandí, Capurganá, Cascada Sap. 2, 20.I.2008, (J. López): 1 ♂ macropterous (UPTC-In-05582) . Acandí, Capurganá, camino a Sapzurro, 8°37’37.89” N, 77°20’53.16” W, 15.I.2008, (López et al.): 1 ♂ macropterous (UPTC-In-05585) . Bahía Solano, Corregimiento El Valle, 4 m, 6°06’46.6” N, 77°26’05.7” W, 03.XI.2016, (F. Molano): 8 ♂ apterous, 9 ♀ apterous (UPTC-In-05596) . Bahía Solano, Corregimiento El Valle, Parque Nacional Natural Utría, playa Cocalito, quebrada Cocalito, 0 m, 05.XI.2016, (F. Molano): 1♀ apterous (UPTC-In-05600) . Bahía Solano, Corregimiento El Valle, 12 m, 6°06’11.6” N, 77°26’03.5” W, 04.XI.2016, (F. Molano): 8 ♂ apterous, 3 ♀ apterous (UPTC-In-05601) . Bahía Solano, Corregimiento El Valle, 2 m, 6°06’57.0” N, 77°26’13.2” W, 03.XI.2016, (F. Molano): 2 ♂ apterous, 2 ♀ apterous (UPTC-In-05602) . Bahía Solano, Corregimiento El Valle, 112 m, 6°06’53.7” N, 77°25’57.0” W, 04.XI.2016, (F. Molano): 3 ♂ apterous, 6 ♀ apterous (UPTC-In-05603) . Bahía Solano, Corregimiento El Valle, Parque Nacional Natural Utria, Playa Cocalito, 0 m, 05.XI.2016, (F. Molano): 1 ♂ macropterous, 13 ♂ apterous, 1 ♀ macropterous, 18 ♀ apterous (UPTC-In-05604) . Bahía Solano, Corregimiento El Valle, Parque Nacional Natural Utría, playa La Aguada, quebrada La Aguada, 0 m, 05.XI.2016, (F. Molano): 4 ♂ apterous, 5 ♀ apterous (UPTC-In-05605) . Bahía Solano, Corregimiento El Valle, 19 m, 6°7’10.8” N, 77°26’24.5” W, 04.XI.2016, (F. Molano): 1 ♂ macropterous, 3 ♂ apterous, 5 ♀ apterous (UPTC-In-05606) . Bahía Solano, Corregimiento El Valle, 100 m, 6°6’51.8” N, 77°25’51.7” W, 04.XI.2016, (F. Molano): 11 ♂ apterous, 9 ♀ apterous (UPTC-In-05607) . Bahía Solano, Corregimiento El Valle, 98 m, 6°6’54.3” N, 77°25’57.2” W, 04.XI.2016, (F. Molano): 12 ♂ apterous, 2 ♀ macropterous, 16 ♀ apterous (UPTC-In-05608) . Bahía Solano, Corregimiento El Valle, 20 m, 6°6’47.7” N, 77°26’03.7” W, 04.XI.2016, (F. Molano): 17 ♂ apterous, 1 ♀ macropterous, 9 ♀ apterous (UPTC-In-05609) . Bahía Solano, Corregimiento El Valle, 18 m, 6°07’08.7” N, 77°20’23.8” W, 04.XI.2016, (F. Molano): 1 ♂ apterous, 1 ♀ apterous (UPTC-In-05621) . Nuquí, Quebrada Jovi con La Chantadura, Sitio 9, 20 m, 5°36’5” N, 77°23’42” W, 21.X.2017, (F. Molano & I. Morales): 1 ♂ apterous (UPTC-In-05592) . Nuquí, Sector Terquito, Sitio 16, 8 m, 5°37’29” N, 77°25’18” W, 22.X.2017, (I. Morales & F. Molano): 1 ♀ apterous (UPTC-In-05593) . Nuquí, Bejuquillal adentro, sitio 6, 20.X.2017, (F. Molano & I. Morales): 10 ♂ apterous, 7 ♀ apterous (UPTC-In-05594) . Nuquí, Termales, 22.X.2017, (I. Morales & F. Molano): 1 ♂ apterous, 3 ♀ apterous (UPTC-In-05595) . Nuquí, Quebrada Piedra Piedra, Sitio 14, 8 m, 5°37’29” N, 77°25’18” W, 22.X.2017, (F. Molano & I. Morales): 3 ♂ apterous, 4 ♀ apterous (UPTC-In-05597) . Nuquí, Quebrada Jovi con La Chantadura, Sitio 9, 20 m, 5°36’5” N, 77°23’42” W, 21.X.2017, (F. Molano & I. Morales): 1 ♀ apterous (UPTC-In-05598) . Nuquí, Sector Terquito, Sitio 17, 8 m, 5°37’29” N, 77°25’18” W, 22.X.2017, (I. Morales & F. Molano): 5 ♂ apterous, 2 ♀ apterous (UPTC-In-05599) . Riosucio, 150 m, 7°14’33.30” N, 76°33’51.77” W, V .2015, (J. García): 3 ♂ macropterous, 1 ♂ apterous, 2 ♀ macropterous (UPTC-In-05577). Riosucio, 15.VII.2015: 1 ♀ apterous (UPTC-In-05581) . Córdoba: Valencia, 08.XII.2008 (N. Nonzoque & V. Bernal): 3 ♀ apterous (UPTC-In-05580) . Huila: Quebrada El Neme, 820 m, 3°04’28” N, 75°23’50” W, 15.VII.2015, (N. Torres): 1 ♂ macropterous, 1 ♀ macropterous, 1 ♀ apterous (UPTC-In-05587). Magdalena: Santa Marta, Minca, 11.IV.2016, (I. Morales): 1 ♂ apterous, 1 ♀ apterous (UPTC-In-05584) . Santa Marta, PNN Tayrona, Caño arrrecife, camino, 23.X.2004, (F. Molano): 1 ♂ macropterous (CIUQ) . Meta: Puerto López, Vía Puerto López-Puerto Gaitán, 204 m, 4°07’00.3” N, 72°48’10.7” W, 14.X.2016, (F. Molano): 1 ♂ apterous, 2 ♀ apterous (UPTC-In-05578) . San Martín, Vereda Puerto Castro, finca Mararay, caño Colorado, 215 m, 3°28’01.99” N, 72°32’16.15” W, 14.VII.2018, (D. Martínez): 1 ♂ apterous. Villavicencio, Jardín Botánico, 650 m, 4°9’00” N, 73°39’20” W, 29.III.2011, (M. Loaiza): 1 ♂ macropterous, 1 ♀ macropterous (UPTC-In-05817) . Norte de Santander: Cúcuta, Caño Las Cruces, punto 8, 23.VII.2010, (N. Tórres): 2 ♂ apterous, 1 ♀ apterous (UPTC-In-05586) . Quindío: Ulloa-Higuerón, quebrada Higuerón, 1000 m, 09.VII.2005, (I. Morales): 1 ♀ macropterous (UPTC-In-05589). Quimbaya, Vereda El Laurel, Reserva Natural La Montaña del Ocaso, 988 m, 4°34’51” N, 75°51’37” W, 25.IV.2018, (D. Martínez): 1 ♂ macropterous, 6 ♂ apterous, 3 ♀ macropterous, 7 ♀ apterous (UPTC-In-05818) . Santander: Piedecuesta, Punto 9, 930 m, 6°53’43.2” N, 73°02’24.8” W, 21. IX.2017, (F. Molano & I. Morales): 9 ♂ apterous, 1 ♀ macropterous, 2 ♀ apterous (UPTC-In-05590) . Tolima: Ibagué, Jardín Botánico San Jorge, Quebrada Arrubia, 23. VI .2003, ( Camacho): 3 ♀ macropterous, 3 ♀ apterous, 5 ♂ apterous (CIUQ) . Valle del Cauca: Alcalá, 1078 m, 09.VII.2005, (F. Molano): 1 ♂ macropterous, 5 ♂ apterous, 1 ♀ macropterous, 2 ♀ apterous (UPTC-In-05588) . Vichada: Puerto Carreño, Finca La Alegria, Caño Villa Maydi, 85 m, 5°35’54.4” N, 68°30’19.4” W, 06. VI .2018, (D. Martínez): 4 ♀ macropterous (UPTC-In-05866).