Aspidosperma cruentum Woodson in Amer. J. Bot. 22(7): 684. 1935.

Holotype:— GUATEMALA. Petén: Uaxactún, 16 Apr 1931, H.H. Bartlett 12570 (MO [barcode MO-1077539 image!]; isotypes: MICH (mounted on two herbarium sheets) [barcode 1002859A image!, barcode 1002859B image!], NY [barcode 00061273 image!], S (mounted on two herbarium sheets) [No. S04-1706 image!], US [barcode 00111786 image!]) .

= Aspidosperma matudae Lundell in Phytologia 1(10): 339. 1939. Holotype:— MEXICO. Chiapas: Escuintla, Jan 1938, E. Matuda 2030 (MICH [barcode 1229506 image!]; isotypes: A [barcode 00057208 image!], CAS [barcode 0000787 image!], F [barcode V0092442 F image!, barcode V0092443 F image!], GH [barcode 00057207 image!], JEPS [barcode UC913613 image!], K [barcode K000975145 image!], LL [barcode 00000191 image!, barcode 00372516 image!], MEXU [barcode MEXU00090166 image!, barcode MEXU00537836 image!], MO [barcode MO-1077531 image!], NY [barcode 04176876 image!], US [barcode 00111806 image!]).

= Aspidosperma chiapense Matuda in Madroño 10(6): 172. 1950. ≡ Aspidosperma chiapense f. chiapense . Holotype:— MEXICO. Chiapas: Escuintla, Esperanza, altitude about 160 m, 15 Feb 1946, E. Matuda 16361 [Herb. Matuda] (MEXU [barcode MEXU00109025 image!]; isotypes: CAS [barcode 0000782 image!], EAP [barcode EAP90583 image!], F [barcode V0092440 F image!], MEXU [barcode MEXU00090368 image!], MICH [barcode 1229509 image!], NY [barcode 00061275 image!], US [barcode 00111784 image!]).

= Aspidosperma chiapense f. tenax Matuda in Madroño 10(6): 173. 1950. Lectotype (designated here): — MEXICO. Chiapas: Escuintla, Esperanza, 25 Jan 1948, E. Matuda 17386 [Herb. Matuda] (MEXU [barcode MEXU00108898 image!]; isolectotypes: CAS (mounted on two herbarium sheets) [barcode 0000783 image!], F [barcode V0092439 F image!], MICH [barcode 1229508 image!], NY [barcode 00061274 image!]). Excluded: ENCB [barcode ENCB002849 image!].

“ Aspidosperma sanguinale ” Bartlett in Publ. Carnegie Inst. Wash. 461: 20. 1935, nom. nud.

“ Aspidosperma sanguineum ” Bartlett in Publ. Carnegie Inst. Wash. 461: 16. 1935, nom. nud.

Notes —Since the holotype of A. chiapense f. tenax indicated by Matuda (1950) from his personal herbarium is missing, not having been transferred to the herbarium MEXU like many other sheets from him (M. Peña, personal information), we selected from the original material a specimen from a Mexican herbarium (MEXU barcode MEXU00108898) (ICN article 9.3; Turland et al. 2018), as this species was found in Mexico. We also observed that one isolectotype specimen previously attributed to A. chiapense f. tenax belongs to A. megalocarpon Müll.Arg. (ENCB barcode ENCB002849), so, we are excluding it from the collection. Lastly, other than what Morales & Zamora (2017) suggested, we did not find an isotype of A. chiapense in the herbarium ENCB (R. Nava, personal information).

Woodson (1951) synonymized A. cruentum under A. megalocarpon, but Morales & Zamora (2017) reestablished the former species and recognized both. We agree with the reestablishment of A. cruentum since it may be differentiated from A. megalocarpon by the leaves with craspedodromous venation (vs. eucamptodromous), branches with red latex (vs. white), flowers with filiform corolla lobes (vs. oblong or ovate), and follicles with sulcate ornamentation (vs. absent).