Cynolebiasinae.

The monophyly of this subfamily, composed by small to large-sized annual species, is well supported presenting the following synapomorphies: dorsally positioned dorsomedial process of autopalatine; reduced mesopterygoid; thin C-shaped preopercle with reduced dorsal tip, median rim, and sensory canal (Fig. 1f); elongate epibranchials and interarcual cartilage (Fig. 4c); rounded second hypobranchial (Fig. 6d); absence of teeth in the fourth ceratobranchial; absence of a posteroventral process on the anterior portion of the fourth ceratobranchial; absence of teeth in vomer; thin lachrymal, with narrow lower portion and vestigial sensory canal; absence of dermosphenotic; absence of anterior processes of first vertebra; vestigial or absent neural prezygapophysis of caudal vertebrae (Fig. 7 c-d); narrow and anteriorly curved epural and parahypural (Fig. 7 c-d); anteriorly placed dorsal fin origin; reduced first proximal anal-fin radial; reduced ossification of medial anal-fin radials; vestigial or absent ventral process of posttemporal; elongate supracleithrum; scale-like pectoral radials (Fig. 8 b-c); cylindrical urogenital papilla in males; prominent pocket-like urogenital papilla in females; reduced supraorbital squamation; reduced caudal-fin squamation; continuous supraorbital series of neuromasts; long posterior series of supraorbital neuromasts; minute neuromast on dermosphenotic; and vertical bars on body sides of juveniles (Costa, 1998); Molecular phylogenies support this clade (Murphy et al., 1999; Hrbek, Larson, 1999; Costa, 2013; Furness et al., 2015; Pohl et al., 2015). The two clades that composed the subfamily, Cynopoecilini and Cynolebiasini, are also very well supported by morphological and molecular analyses.