Key to species of Microsargane (* male unknown)

1. Head with paired dark lines traversing ocelli (Figs 9 H–K); male theca with strongly curving spines arising from a flat basal plate (Figs 55 A–C)............................................ ….. Microrhaphe subg. nov. ... M. martialis sp.nov.

- Head dark (Figs 9 A–G), or with pale margins (Fig. 1 A); male theca with laterally compressed shaft and nearly straight proc- esses (Figs 56–58 B–C)................................................................................ 2

2. Tegmina dark brown to reddish; male theca with 3–5 pairs of slender processes (Figs 56–58 B–C).................................................................................................... Microtholia subg. nov. ...10

- Tegmina with red patch across anteapical cells (Fig. 1 A); male theca with 1 pair of branching, serrate processes (Figs 50–54 C).................................................................................. nominate subgenus...3

3. Head dark (pronotum and tegmina may have pale areas)...................................................... 7

- Head marked with yellow spots or bands along margins (Fig. 1 A)............................................... 4

4. Crown with yellow spots before eyes, paler than orange bands along margins of pronotum; Paraguay............................................................................................... * insignis (Melichar), comb.nov.

- Crown with yellow marginal bands extending across eyes to margins of pronotum (Fig. 1 A); Ecuador north to Central America................................................................................................... 5

5. Red patch on tegmen narrow; male thecal processes with furcate processes subequal (Fig.52 C); style tip truncate with strongly projecting setae (Fig. 52 E)........................................................... ornatipennis Lallemand

- Red patch on tegmen broad (Fig. 1 A); male thecal processes unequal, outer branch less than half length of inner branch (Fig. 54 C); style tip pointed, scarcely exceeded by apical setae (Fig. 54 E)............................................ 6

6. Transverse arm of theca expanded at base, serrate (Fig. 54 C)....................................... cristata sp.nov.

- Transverse arm of theca straight, parallel-margined, smooth (Fig. 50 C)................................. vittata Fowler

7. Head as wide as pronotum; crown as long as midline of pronotum................................. splendida sp.nov.

- Head narrower than pronotum; crown shorter than midline of pronotum.......................................... 8

8. Pale spots at apex of tegmen forming narrow lines directed towards tip of red spot...................* procera Lallemand

- Large pale spot on costa in addition to 2 pale lines on dark wing tip, the latter remote from transverse red streak.......... 9

9. Male thecal processes longer than half length of shaft (Fig. 53 C)................................... mutans (Walker)

- Male thecal processes shorter than half length of shaft (Fig. 51 C)................................... apicata sp.nov.

10. Chocolate brown to reddish, with 5 yellow lines (Figs 9 F–G)...................................... habrotes sp.nov.

- Blackish brown with not more than 3 yellow lines (Figs 9 A–E)................................................ 11

11. Crown as long as pronotum (Fig. 9 E).......................................................... sobria sp.nov.

- Crown half as long as midline of pronotum (Figs 9 A–D)..................................................... 12

12. Dark brown except for faint streak on pronotum and 2 small, pale spots on tegmen (Fig. 9 D); length 12 mm ...................................................................................................* bipunctura sp.nov.

- With more extensive pale markings, especially on venter; length 6.5–8.5 mm ..................................... 13

13. Entirely brown except for reddish veins and small costal spot (Fig. 9 A).................................. ios sp.nov.

- Brown, dorsum with pale streaks and spots (Figs 9 B–C)........................................ karykroua sp.nov.