Family Neoechinorhynchidae Ward, 1917

Floridosentis mugilis (Machado Filho, 1951) (syn. Atactorhynchus mugils Machado Filho, 1951)—adult Host and habitat: Mugil platanus (MAR)

Locality: Off Rio de Janeiro

References: Knoff et al. (1997)

Gracilisentis variabilis (Diesing, 1851) (syns Echinorhynchus variabilis, Octospinifer variabilis) Hosts and habitat: Achirus achirus (FW), Achirus lineatus (FW), Achirus sp. (FW), Glyptoperichthys lituratus (FW), Hoplias malabaricus (FW), Hypostomus auroguttatus (FW), Hypostomus nematopterus (FW), Hypostomus plecostomus (FW), Prochilodus lineatus (FW), Pleuronectes sp. (FW) Localities: Pirassununga, São Paulo, Amazon River Basin

References: Diesing (1851, 1856), Travassos et al. (1928), Travassos & Kohn (1965), Kritscher (1976), Thatcher (1991, 2006)

Gorytocephalus spectabilis (Machado Filho, 1959) (syn. Neoechinorhynchus spectabilis Machado Filho,

1959)—adult

Hosts and habitat: Cyphocharax gilbert (FW), Steindachnerina elegans (FW) Locality: Emas, Pirassununga, São Paulo

References: Machado Filho (1959a), Travassos and Kohn (1965), Kohn and Fernandes (1987), Thatcher (1991, 2006)

Gorytocephalus elongorchis Thatcher, 1979 —adult

Host and habitat: Hypostomus carinatus (FW)

Locality: Amazon River Basin

References: Thatcher (1979, 1991, 2006)

Neoechinorhynchus (Neoechinorhynchus) buttnerae Golvan, 1956 —adult

Host and habitat: Colossoma macropomum (FW)

Locality: Amazon River Basin

References: Golvan (1956), Thatcher (1991), Ferraz de Lima et al. (1990), Malta et al. (2001), Fischer et al. (2003)

Neoechinorhynchus (Neoechinorhynchus) curemai Noronha, 1973 —adult

Hosts and habitats: Mugil curema (BW), Prochilodus lineatus (FW)

Localities: River Amazon, Pirassununga—São Paulo, Volta Grande reservoir, Minas Gerais, Mato Grosso, Upper Parana River, Potengi River—Rio Grande do Norte References: Noronha (1973, 1984), Kohn et al. (1985), Kohn and Fernandes (1987), Brasil-Sato and Pavanelli (1999), Ranzani-Paiva et al. (2000), Martins et al. (2000, 2001), Fortes et al. (2000), Santos et al. (2003, 2005), Pavanelli et al. (2004), Lizama et al. (2005, 2006)

Neoechinorhynchus (Neoechinorhynchus) macronucleatus Machado Filho, 1954 —adult Hosts and habitat: Hoplias malabaricus (FW), Lycengraulis sp. (FW)

Localities: Juparanã lagoon, Espírito Santo, Campos, Rio de Janeiro

References: Machado Filho (1954), Fabio (1983)

Neoechinorhynchus (Neoechinorhynchus) paraguayensis Machado Filho, 1959 —adult Hosts and habitat: Cichlasoma monoculus (FW), Geophagus brasiliensis (FW), Hoplias malabaricus (FW)

Locality: Guandu-Açú River—Rio de Janeiro

References: Machado Filho (1959b), Nickol and Padilha (1979), Azevedo et al. (2006), Thatcher (1991, 2006)

Neoechinorhynchus (Neoechinorhynchus) pimelodi Brasil-Sato & Pavanelli, 1998 —adult Hosts and habitat: Franciscodoras marmoratus (FW), Pimelodus maculatus (FW) Locality: São Francisco River, Três Marias—Mato Grosso

References: Brasil-Sato and Pavanelli (1998, 1999), Brasil-Sato (2003), Santos and Brasil-Sato (2004)

Neoechinorhynchus (Neoechinorhynchus) pterodoridis Thatcher, 1981

Host and habitat: Pterodoras granulosus (FW)

Locality: Amazon River Basin

References: Thatcher (1981, 1991)

Neoechinorhynchus sp.—larva and adult

Hosts and habitat: Conorynchus conirostris (FW—larval), Corydoras julii (FW—adult), Pseudoplatystoma fasciatum (FW)

Locality: Aquidauana River, River São Francisco, aquarium in Germany References: Moravec et al. (1999), Brasil-Sato and Santos (2005), Campos et al. (2008)

Octospiniferoides incognita Schmidt & Huggins, 1973 —adult

Host and habitat: Leporinus lacustris (FW), Schizodon borellii (FW), Schizodon fasciatus (FW) Locality: Upper Parana River/Paraná, Rondonia State

References: Machado et al. (1994, 1996), Thatcher (1998), Pavanelli et al. (2004), Guidelli et al. (2006)

Acanthocephala fam. gen. sp. (unidentified specimens)—larva and adult

Hosts and habitats: Ageneiosus ucayalensis (FW), Brycon hilarii (FW), Cichlasoma paranaense (FW), Chloroscombrus chrysurus (MAR), Cichlasoma paranaense (FW), Cynoscion sp. (MAR), Hemicaranx amblyrhynchus (MAR), Hoplerythrinus unitaeniatus (FW), Hoplias malabaricus (FW), Leporinus lacustris (FW), Menticirrus americanus (MAR), Mugil curema (MAR), Mugil platanus (MAR), Paralonchurus brasiliensis (MAR), Piaractus mesopotamicus (FW), Pimelodus maculatus (FW), Pseudoplatystoma corruscans (FW), Pterodoras granulosus (FW), Pygocentrus nattereri (FW), Rachycentron canadum (MAR), Rhaphiodon vulpinus (FW), Schizodon altoparanae (FW), Schizodon nasutus (FW), Serrasalmus marginatus (FW), Serrasalmus spilopleura (FW)

Localities: Rivers Aquidauana, Miranda, Paraguay—Mato Grosso do Sul, Cuiabá and Manso Rivers— Mato Grosso, Upper Paraná river-Paraná, off São Paulo, off Espírito Santo, Guandú River – Rio de Janeiro and off Marambaia Island – Rio de Janeiro

References: Travassos and Freitas (1940), Travassos et al. (1963, 1964), Kohn and Fernandes (1987), Pavanelli et al. (2004), Adriano et al. (2005), Santos et al. (2007).