Hybusa occidentalis (Westwood, 1843)

Figs. 2A–C, 3A, 7A–B, 10B

Westwood, 1843; Erichson, 1844: transferred from Proscopia to Hybusa; Jago, 1989: male genitalia description; Alfaro et al. 2013: updated geographic distribution.

Diagnosis. Frons light-brown, vertex blackened (Figs. 2A–B; 3A; 7A–B; 11A). Female head in dorsal view with triangular black spot; gena with a conspicuous black line from base to compound eye (Figs. 7A–B). Pronotum dark-brown to black, with light-brown spots at proepisternum (Figs. 2A–B; 3A; 11A). Meso- and metanotum with arched black spots (Figs. 2A; 7A; 12). Metepimeron black (Figs. 2A–B; 3B; 12). All femora with black dots (Figs. 2A–C; 7A–B). Hind tibia with three black spots, two at basal half and one at distal half (Fig. 3C). Tergite 1–8 with black medial longitudinal thick line (Fig. 2A). Epiproct widened (Figs. 4A–B). Male subgenital plate undivided; 1.5 times longer than tergite 8; dorsal margin nearly straight (Figs. 4B–C; 13A). Female abdomen with conspicuously large black dots (Figs. 7A–B). Female tergites 1–8 with black Y-shaped spots (Fig. 7A).

Redescription. Male. Body light-brown with several black spots, shiny (Figs. 3A–C). Head and thorax are conspicuously rugose (Figs. 2A–B; 3A; 11A).

Head. Vertex light-brown, with blackened spot (Fig. 2A). Fastigium as high as long, 1.3 times shorter than compound eye (Figs. 3A; 11A); in dorsal view subtriangular, with apex nearly truncated, with base 3.4 times wider than apex (Fig. 2A); in lateral view with longitudinal sulcus, apex rounded (Figs. 3A; 11A); in ventral view conspicuously concave, with medial longitudinal ridge (Fig. 2C). Coronal suture inconspicuous. Transversal ridge of frons slightly smoother than the remaining parts of head. Clypeus with dorsal margin straight, lateral margin sinuous with lateral sulcus; ventral margin with conspicuous emargination. Labrum asymmetrical (Fig. 2C).

Thorax. Pronotum dark-brown to black, with light-brown spots at proepisternum (Figs. 2A–B; 3A; 11A). Pro-, meso- and metaepisternum laterally projected, gradually increasing in length (Fig. 2A–B). Meso- and metanotum with arched black spots (Figs. 2A; 12). Mesoscutum trapezoidal (Figs. 2A; 12). Metepimeron black (Figs. 2B; 12). Prosternum dark-brown, shiny, with a conspicuous ridge at coxa insertion (Fig. 2C). Meso- and metasternum fused, light-yellow, smooth, gradually increasing in width from base to apex (Fig. 2C). Pro-, meso- and metasternal processes conspicuous; mesosternal process resembling a “M” (Fig. 2C).

Legs. All femora with black dots and medial longitudinal carina (Figs. 2A–B); apex with pair of large parallel spines (Fig. 2B). Fore and mid legs with nearly the same length (Figs. 2A–B). Fore and mid tibiae with small black spines at ventral surface. Anterior and mid tarsi with almost half-length of all respective tibiae (Figs. 2A–B). Hind tibia with three black spots, two at basal half and one at distal half; dorsally with several black spines (Fig. 3C). Hind tarsus with approximately ¼ of hind tibia length.All tarsal claws and arolium long, wide, robust, with ellipsoid aspect (Figs. 2B; 3C).

Abdomen. Tergite 1–8 with black medial longitudinal thick line (Fig. 2A). Tergite 1 D-shaped, half-length of tergite 2. Tergites 2–8 rectangular, longer than wide, gradually decreasing in length, with the same length as respective sternites (Fig. 2A). Tergite 9 trapezoidal, approximately two times higher than tergite 10 (Figs. 4A–B; 13A–B). Tergite 10 with dorsal margin sinuous (Figs. 4A–B; 13A–B). Epiproct rugose, pentagonal, conspicuously widened at anterior half; posterior half narrowing; apex curving ventrally (Figs. 4A–B; 13A–B). Pallium striated, subtriangular, membranous (Figs. 4A; 13B). Cercus simple, inconspicuous, short (Figs. 4A–B; 13A–B). Subgenital plate undivided; 1.2 times longer than tergite 8; dorsally with an apical cleft; ventrally conical, with narrow, rounded apex (Figs. 4A–C; 13A–B).

Genitalia. Male genitalia. Epiphallus rim wide, nearly covering lophi (Fig. 5C). Transverse sclerite mostly membranous, laterally with slender sclerotized portion, ending in hook-like apex; apex connected to epiphallic rim (Figs. 5A–B; 14A). Lophi ventral-most portion connected to transverse sclerite at sclerite’s mid-length; ventral portion U-shaped, projecting towards dorsal portion; dorsal portion bifurcating in two fused elongated projections, these pointed antero-dorsally; projections sinuous, asymmetrical (Figs. 5A–D; 6A; 14A). Ectophallic valves not connected, parallel, with nearly half-length of transverse sclerite; in dorsal view sub-triangular, widened (Figs. 5A–B; 14A; posterior portion projecting dorsally and outwards body, better observed in lateral view (Figs. 5C–D). Phallotreme conspicuous, sclerotized, laterally pigmented; medially striated; posterior portion projected into sac-like membrane (Figs. 5A–B; 14A). Endophallus with conspicuous proximal and distal sacs; proximal sac membranous, pigmented; distal sac sclerotized, sinuous, projecting inwards, conspicuously pigmented (Figs. 6B–D). Ejaculatory duct simple, widened at the base, slender at medial portion, ending in a slightly widened apex; apex with two rounded sclerotizations, with a small membranous portion projecting from it (Figs. 6B–D).

Female. As in male, except for the body more robust (Fig. 7A). Head broader, with acute fastigium (Figs. 7A–B) Gena with a conspicuous line from compound eye towards apex (Fig. 7B). Abdomen with several black spots (Figs. 7A–B).