Oxythyrea dulcis Reitter, 1899

(Figs. 2C–D, 3B, 3D, 4D–F)

Oxythyrea dulcis Reitter, 1899: 48 (original description).

Oxythyrea dulcis: Schenkling 1921: 200 (catalogue); Winkler 1929: 1121 (catalogue); Petrovitz 1958: 96 (distribution, biology), 1959: 129 (distribution); Medvedev 1964: 115 (monograph, key); Tauzin 2000: 85 (distribution); Smetana 2006: 298 (catalogue); Keith & Makris 2008: 27 (distribution); Bezděk 2016: 389 (catalogue); Vondráček et al. 2018: 417 (larval morphology, biology); Vondráček et al. 2023: 2 (diversity, habitat preferences, conservation); Schoolmeesters 2023 (online catalogue).

Oxythyrea dulcis dulcis: Mikšić 1978: 69 (diagnosis, distribution); Sabatinelli 1981: 56 (review, key, biology); Mikšić 1982a: 67 (key distribution); Mikšić 1982b: 36 (monograph, key); Baraud 1992: 820 (monograph, key); Krajcik 1998: 69 (catalogue); Keith 2001: 95 (distribution, biology); Tauzin 2015: 118 (review, distribution).

Oxythyrea borchmanni Schein, 1958: 93 (original description). Type locality: “Asteri und Elos bei Skala, Marathea bei Gythion [=Asteri, ca 36°49’54”N 22°41’55”E and Elos, ca 36°49’49”N 22°41’52”E nr. Skala; Marathea, ca 36°44’03”N 22°29’21”E nr. Gythion”; synonymized by Mikšić 1982a: 67).

Oxythyrea goetzi Muche, 1962: 33 (original description). Type locality: “In de Nähe des Ortes Manavgat am Golf von Anatayla (Adalia) [= Turkey, Manavgat env., ca 36°45’54”N 31°23’57”E]”; synonymized by Mikšić 1982a: 67.

Type locality. “ Olymp [= Greece, Mount Olympus, ca 40°05’19”N 22°21’32”E]” .

Published records. Greece: Schenkling (1921): “Olymp”; Winkler (1929): “Olymp”; Schein (1958): “Asteri and Elos nr. Skala, Marathea nr. Gythion”; Petrovitz (1958): “Gythion, Kreta, Olymp, Rhodos (Lindos)”; Petrovitz (1959): “Rhodos”; Medvedev (1964): “ Peloponnesos, Rhodos”; Sabatinelli (1981): “ Peloponeso, Creta, Rodi”; Mikšić (1982a): “Olymp, Asteri bei Skala-Elos, Gythion-Lakonia, Kreta, Rhodos-Lindos”; Mikšić (1982b): “Asteri bei Skala-Elos; Peloponesos: Gythion, Laconia; Kreta; Rhodos: Lindos”; Baraud (1992): “Grèce (Olympe, loc type); Crète; Rhodes”; Keith & Makris (2008): “Andros Island, Chora”; Krajcik (1998): “Olymp”; Tauzin (2000): “Mont Olympe, Peloponnese (Elos, Gythra [= Gythion], Crète, Rhodes”; Keith (2001): “Mont Olympe, Litohoron, Rhodes, Crète ”; Smetana (2006): “Greece”; Tauzin (2015): “Gréce continental, de l’Ile de Rhodes, de l’Ile de Crete, de l’Ile d’Andros”; Bezděk (2016): “Greece”; Vondráček et al. (2018): “ Thessaly, Mount Ossa, village Stomio, N°39.867, E°22.733; Stomio, Beach, at sea level, N°39.8761111, E°22.7313889”; Byk et al. (2022): “Greece”; Vondráček et al. (2023): “Asteri bei Skala; Elos; Marathea bei Gytheion; West Kreta; Nordküste, Georgioupoli; Saloniki; Stomio, beach, ca sea level; Limnos isl., Gomati sand dunes, sea shore, ca 5 m; Crete, Phalasarna (seashore), 10m; Creta, Kasteh (Kissamu), 10 m; Creta, Khania, 20 m; Rhodos, Lindos”; Schoolmeesters (2023): “Greece”. Asian part of Turkey: Petrovitz (1958): “ Mersina ”; Muche (1962): “Manavgat”; Medvedev (1964): “ Mersin ”; Sabatinelli (1981): “Turchia del villaiet di Mersin ”; Mikšić (1982a): “Kleinasien”; Mikšić (1982b): “Manavgat, Erdemli”; Baraud (1992): “Anatolie”; Tauzin (2000): “Ephèse, Selçuk (Izmir)”; Keith (2001): “ Mersin, Izmir; Izmir: plage de Pamuçak, plage de Gümüldür, Antalya: plage de Patara)”; Smetana (2006): “Asian part of Turkey”; Tauzin (2015): “Turquie d’Anatolie”; Bezděk (2016): “Asian part of Turkey”; Byk et al. (2022): “Turkey”; Vondráček et al. (2023): “Erdemli; Izmir, Ozbere”; Schoolmeesters (2023): “Turkey”. Syria [?]: Mikšić (1982b): “?Syrien”.

Type material examined. Oxythyrea borchmanni Schein, 1958: Holotypus (♁) (ZFMK), “ Griechenland 1956 | Asteri bei Skala—| Elos 23.–25.4.|| Fr. Borchmann leg. | Eingang Nr. 8, 1956 [p] || Paratypus [p] | Oxyth. dulcis Rtt. | v. Borchmanni n.v. [hw] | H. Schein 1955 [p.] || Oxythyrea | dulcis | Reitter, 1899 | David Král det. 2023”; Paratypus (♁) (ZFMK),“ Griechenland 1956 | Marathea bei | Gythion 21.–22.4 || Fr. Borchmann leg. | Eingang Nr. 8,1956 || MUSEUM KOENIG BONN [p] || Paratypus [p] | Oxyth. dulcis R. | v. Borchmanni n. v. [hw] | H. Schein 1955 [p]” (see Fig. 7).

Additional material examined. Greece: 1 ♁ (NMPC), Crete, Prevelikloster bei Südküste, 400 m, 26.iv.1992, auf Blüten, J. Burtscher lgt.; 1 ♁ (NMPC) , Crete, Agios Nikolaos, 23.iv.1971, Wewalka lgt.; 1 ♀ (NMPC) , Macedonia, Asprovalta env., Nea Kerdilia, litoral-seaside, 11.v.2011, Z. Malinka lgt.; 1 ♁, 5 ♀♀ (NMPC) , Crete, Phalasarna (seashore), 35°30ʼ18”N 23°34ʼ34”E, ca. 10m, 18.–19.iv.2018, L. Hrůzová, D. Král & D. Sommer lgt.; 1 ♁ (NMPC) , N Crete, Petras riv., 23.v.2002, Z. Kletečka lgt.; 2 ♁♁, 1 ♀ (NMPC) , Thessaloniki pr., Aspróvalta, 12.v.2001, D. Král lgt.; 2 ♁♁ (NMPC) , Limnos, Gomati sand dunes, 39°59.3’N 25°09.1’E, ca. 5 m, sea shore, 24.iv.2007, J. Hájek lgt.; 4 ♁♁, 5 ♀♀ (NMPC) , Thessaly, Mount Ossa, village Stomio, N °39.867, E°22.733, Stomio, beach, at sea level, 13.–20.vi.2014, H. Podskalská & P. Šípek lgt.; 12 ♁♁, 52 ♀♀ (CUPC, LHCP, NMPC, DSCP, SJCP) , Stomio beach, 39°52ʼ34”N 22°43ʼ53”E, ca. sea level, O. Kouklík, D. Král, P. Šípek & D. Vondráček lgt.; 4 ♁♁, 6 ♀♀ (ZFMK) , Asteri bei Skala—Elos, 23.–25.iv.1956, Fr. Borchmann lgt.; 1 ♀ (ZFMK) , Marathea bei Gythion, 21.–22.iv.1956, Fr. Borchmann lgt.; 1 ♀ (ZFMK) , Westkreta, Ostküste, Georgiopouli, 28.iv.1992, E. Rössner lgt.; 1 ♁ (ZFMK) , Saloniki, 24.iv.1968, H. Roer lgt.; 2 unsexed spec. (OHCB) , Githio Strand, 21.iv.2004, D. Keith lgt.; 2 unsexed spec. (OHCB) , Crete, W Chania, Dramia Strand, 14.v.2014, Heise lgt .

Asian part of Turkey: 4 ♁♁, 4 ♀♀ (ZFMK), Anatolie, Erdemli, Petrovitz & Ressl lgt .

Diagnosis. Body (Figs. 2C–D, 3B) remarkable robust, enlarged, and rounded; dorsal surface sparsely but distinctly setaceous; dorsal surface totally black without metallic lustre. Pronotum (Figs. 2C, 3B) remarkably setaceous with 4–6 (rarely only with basal pair) whitish spots in two longitudinal rows; lateral margin as a rule with narrow whitish stripe, in some specimens this stripe broken into three irregularly shaped spots. Scutellum surface (Fig. 3D) completely smooth, very rarely finely microscultured basally. Elytra with several rounded whitish spots, more or less equal in size, not connected to each other (Figs. 2C, 3B). Pygidium with six whitish spots. Male with triangular whitish spots on the middle of visible abdominal ventrite 1 and 2 and rarely with additional one whitish spot on visible abdominal ventrites 3 and 4 (Fig. 2D). These spots absent in females. Abdomen ventrally on each side with three short whitish lines and more distally with two longer whitish lines in male (Fig. 2D), one such longer line in female. Lamina exterior of parameres relatively stout in lateral aspect (Fig. 4D–F); lamina interior of parameres relatively wide, tip at less sharp angle in dorsofrontal aspect (Fig. 4D–F).

Distribution. Greece (Aegean coast of Greece, includig islands Andros, Crete, Limnos, and Rhodes), Asian part of Turkey and an unverified occurrence in “ Syria ” without precise data based on Mikšić (1982b). For details see Fig. 6.