Subfamily Pyrgomatinae Gray, 1825

Trevathana conica sp. nov.

HTTP://zOOBANK.ORG/URN:LSID:zOOBANK.ORG:AcT:32E9A213-82B1-4665-820C-D993983F8B0F FIGUReS 2A, B; 3–8

Material examined. HOLOTyPe: ASIZCR000347, DONGSHA ATOLL (20°41.478 N, 116°45.103 E), TAIWAN, MAy 2014, cOLL. H.N. CHeN, P.C . TSAI, H.C. LIN, ON cORAL Goniastrea edwardsi CHeVALIeR, 1971. PARATyPeS: ASIZCR000348, DATA SAMe AS ASIZCR000347 . ASIZCR000349, DONGSHA ATOLL (20°41.721 N, 116°47.105 E), TAIWAN, MAy 2014, cOLL. H.N. CHeN, P.C . TSAI, H.C. LIN, ON cORAL Goniastrea edwardsi . ASIZCR000350 AND ASIZCR000351, DATA SAMe AS ASIZCR000347 . ASIZCR000352, DONGSHA ATOLL (20°42.380 N, 116°42.088 E), TAIWAN, MAy 2014, cOLL. H.N. CHeN, P.C . TSAI, H.C. LIN, ON cORAL Goniastrea edwardsi .

Diagnosis. POSTeRIO-LATeRAL SIDe Of POSTeRIOR RAMUS Of cIRRI II AND III BeARING cONIcAL SPINeS. INTeRLOcKING TOOTH Of ScUTUM PROjecTING MeDIALLy fROM ARTIcULAR MARGIN, TeeTH WIDTH ABOUT 2/3 Of TeRGAL MARGIN Of ScUTUM.

Description. SHeLL cOVeReD By cORAL TISSUe WHeN ALIVe (FIG. 2A, B). SHeLL WHITe AfTeR cLeANING AND PReSeRVATION, (5.0 MM BD fOR HOLOTyPe), fLAT, eLLIPTIcAL, PLATeS fUSeD, OUTeR SURfAce WITH 20 RADIATING ROWS Of PROjecTIONS, UP TO fIVe PROjecTIONS IN eAcH ROW (FIG. 3A). CIRcUMfeReNce Of BASe Of SHeLL WITH 32 SHORT PROjecTIONS, eXTeNDING BeyOND OUTLINe (FIG. 3B). ORIfIce eLLIPTIcAL, ORIfIce LeNGTH ABOUT 1/2 LeNGTH Of ROSTRO-cARINAL DIAMeTeR (FIG. 3A, B). ScUTUM AND TeRGUM WHITe, SePARATeD (FIG. 3C–F). ScUTUM TRANSVeRSALLy eLONGATeD, OccLUDeNT MARGIN 5 TIMeS LONGeR THAN TeRGAL MARGIN (FIG. 3C, D). OccLUDeNT MARGIN SLIGHTLy cONVeX. EXTeRNALLy, ScUTUM WITH SLIGHTLy cURVeD, cLOSeD MeDIAN fURROW, fURROW LeNGTH ABOUT 4/5 LeNGTH Of ScUTUM (FIG. 3C). ARTIcULAR MARGIN Of ScUTUM WITH INTeRLOcKING TOOTH, PROjecTING MeDIALLy ARTIcULAR MARGIN, WIDTH ABOUT 2/3 Of ARTIcULAR MARGIN, GROWTH LINeS ON TOOTH (FIG. 3C, D). ADDUcTOR PLATe ABSeNT (FIG. 3C, D). TeRGUM SUBTRIANGULAR (FIG. 3E, F), ScUTAL MARGIN cONcAVe WITH MeDIAL NOTcH, TRUNcATeD SPUR ON BASAL MARGIN. EXTeRNAL TeRGUM SURfAce WITH SHALLOW, LONGITUDINAL MeDIAN fURROW, ReAcHING 90% LeNGTH Of TeRGUM (FIG. 3C). SeMIcIRcULAR DePReSSION, DeMARcATeD WITH cONceNTRIc GROWTH LINeS, AccOMMODATING INTeRLOcKING TOOTH (FIG. 3F). BROAD, INWARD PROjecTING TOOTH ON INNeR SIDe Of SPUR, LOcATeD ON BASAL eND Of SPUR, LONG AXIS Of TOOTH PARALLeL TO BASAL MARGIN Of TeRGUM, PeRPeNDIcULAR TO INNeR SURfAce Of TeRGUM (FIG. 3F).

MAXILLA eLLIPTIcAL (FIG. 4A), BI-LOBeD, SeRRULATe SeTAe ON eXTeRIOR AND INTeRIOR DISTAL MARGINS (FIG. 4A–D). MAXILLULe WITH STRAIGHT cUTTING eDGe WITHOUT NOTcH, WITH ROW Of 10–11 SPINeS (FIG. 4E). FINe, SIMPLe SeTAe ON UPPeR AND LOWeR MARGINS (FIG. 4F, G, H). MANDIBLe WITH 5 TeeTH, eXcLUDING INfeRIOR ANGLe (FIG. 5A). SecOND TO fOURTH TeeTH BIDeNTATeD(FIG. 5B–C). FIRST 3 TeeTH OccUPyING ABOUT 4/5 LeNGTH Of cUTTING eDGe, LOWeR MARGIN SHORT, WITH SIMPLe SeTAe, INfeRIOR ANGLe WITH SeVeRAL SeTAe DISTALLy (FIG. 5D). MANDIBULAR PALP OVAL (FIG. 5E), BeARING SeRRULATe SeTAe ON DISTAL (FIG. 5F) AND eXTeRIOR MARGINS. LABRUM BILOBeD, LOBeS SePARATeD By V-SHAPeD NOTcH (FIG. 5G), SINGLe TOOTH ON LefT SIDe Of NOTc, TWO TeeTH ON RIGHT SIDe Of NOTcH IN HOLOTyPe (FIG. 5H, I).

CIRRUS I WITH RAMI UNeqUAL; ANTeRIOR RAMUS 11 SeGMeNTeD (FIG. 6A); POSTeRIOR RAMUS 7 SeGMeNTeD, BeARING SeRRULATe SeTAe (FIG. 6A–D). CIRRUS II WITH RAMI SUBeqUAL; ANTeRIOR RAMUS 8-SeGMeNTeD; POSTeRIOR RAMUS 7 SeGMeNTeD, BeARING SeRRULATe SeTAe (FIG. 6E–H), POSTeRIO-LATeRAL SIDe Of 2 DISTAL SeGMeNTS WITH ARRAy Of cONIcAL SPINeS (FIG. 6F). CIRRUS III WITH ANTeRIOR AND POSTeRIOR RAMI Of NeARLy eqUAL LeNGTH; ANTeRIOR RAMUS 7 SeGMeNTeD; POSTeRIOR RAMUS 6 SeGMeNTeD (FIG. 7A), BeARING SeRRULATe SeTAe (FIG. 7E), POSTeRIO-LATeRAL SIDe Of 5 DISTAL SeGMeNTS BeARING cONIcAL SPINeS (FIG. 7C, D). CIRRI IV–VI LONG, SLeNDeR, BOTH RAMI Of SIMILAR LeNGTH (FIGS. 7F, 8A–F); cIRRUS IV ANTeRIOR RAMUS 20-SeGMeNTeD, POSTeRIOR RAMUS 19-SeGMeNTeD; cIRRUS V (20) (20), cIRRUS VI (20) (20) (FIGS. 7F, 8A–F).; eAcH INTeRMeDIATe SeGMeNT Of BOTH RAMI Of cIRRI IV TO VI BeARING 2 PAIRS Of LONG SeRRULATe SeTAe AND 2 PAIRS Of SIMPLe SeTAe (FIGS. 7G, H, 8B, E, F), DISTAL PAIR LONGeST, PROXIMAL PAIR SHORTeST. PeNIS ANNULATeD, WITH ScATTeReD SHORT SIMPLe SeTAe. PeDIceL WITH SHORT, BLUNT BASIDORSAL POINT (FIG. 8G, H), APeX BeARING SHORT, SIMPLe SeTAe (FIG. 8H).

HABITAT. ON THe cORAL Goniastrea edwardsi .

Distribution. AT PReSeNT, ONLy RecORDeD fROM DONGSHA ATOLL, TAIWAN.

Etymology. Trevathana conica IS NAMeD fOR HAVING cONIcAL SPINeS ON BOTH cIRRI II AND III WHIcH IS A DIAGNOSTIc cHARAcTeR fOR THIS SPecIeS.

Remarks. THIS SPecIeS IS DIAGNOSeD By HAVING cONIcAL SPINeS ON cIRRI II AND III, WHILST T. longidonta AND T. noae HAVe cONIcAL SPINeS ONLy ON cIRRUS III.

Trevathana doni sp. nov.

HTTP://zOOBANK.ORG/URN:LSID:zOOBANK.ORG:AcT:1734547C-11FC-4435-BB41-CE4351AAE8A0 FIGUReS 2C, D; 9–16

Trevathana sp. nov. 1. Chan et al., 2013: 318, figs. 281–289.

Trevathana sp. Malay & Michonneau, 2014: fig. 3, suppl. Tab. 1 (voucher number UF8633).

Material examined. HOLOTyPe: ASIZCR 000353, NANWAN, KeNTING, TAIWAN (21o57.20N, 120o23.18’E), NOVeMBeR 2010, cOLL. B.K.K. CHAN, ON cORAL Echinopora lamellosa (ESPeR, 1795). PARATyPeS: ASIZCR 000226, DATA SAMe AS ASIZCR 000353. ASIZCR 000354, DONGSHA ATOLL (20°44.573 N, 116°54.679 E), TAIWAN, MAy 2015, cOLL. P.C. TSAI, Y.F. TSAO, Y.W. CHANG, ON cORAL Echinopora pacificus VeRON, 1990. MNHN IC- 2003, PAPUA NeW PKK2, MADANG, PAPUA NeW GUINeA, NOVeMBeR 2012, cOLL. B.K.K. CHAN, ON cORAL Oxypora SP. OTHeR MATeRIAL: CEL-LAN- 102-5, LANyU ISLAND, TAIWAN, OcTOBeR 2007, cOLL. B.K.K. CHAN, ON cORAL Montipora SP.

Diagnosis. ScUTAL WIDTH 3 TIMeS LONGeR THAN HeIGHT. OccLUDeNT MARGIN STRAIGHT, MeDIAN cLOSeD fURROW SLIGHTLy cURVeD, fURROW LeNGTH ABOUT 4/5 LeNGTH Of ScUTUM, WITH cONTINUOUS, SIMILAR-SIzeD TeeTH. ARTIcULAR MARGIN Of ScUTUM WITH INTeRLOcKING TOOTH, TOOTH NARROW, WIDTH ABOUT1/3 HeIGHT Of TeRGAL MARGIN. ADDUcTOR PLATe ABSeNT. TeRGUM SUBTRIANGULAR. INTeRNAL SURfAce WITH INWARD TOOTH LOcATeD ON LOWeR PART Of TeRGUM, PeRPeNDIcULAR TO BASAL MARGIN Of TeRGUM.

Description. SHeLL cOVeReD By cORAL WHeN ALIVe (FIG. 2C, D). SHeLL (5.8 MM BD HOLOTyPe) fLAT, eLLIPTIcAL, PLATeS fUSeD, WHITe (AfTeR cLeANING AND PReSeRVATION), WITH ScATTeReD PROjecTIONS ON SURfAce (FIG. 9A). CIRcUMfeReNce Of BASe Of SHeLL WITH 40–44 SHORT PROjecTIONS, eXTeNDING BeyOND MARGIN (FIG. 9B), ORIfIce eLLIPTIcAL, ROSTRO-cARINAL DIAMeTeR Of ORIfIce NeARLy 1/3 LeNGTH Of SHeLL ROSTRO-cARINAL DIAMeTeR. ScUTUM AND TeRGUM WHITe, SePARATeD (FIG. 9C– F). ScUTUM TRANSVeRSALLy eLONGATeD, TeRGAL MARGIN 3 TIMeS LONGeR THAN OccLUDeNT MARGIN. OccLUDeNT MARGIN STRAIGHT. EXTeRNAL SURfAce Of ScUTUM WITH SLIGHTLy cURVeD, MeDIAN cLOSeD fURROW, LeNGTH Of fURROW ReAcHING 4/5 LeNGTH Of ScUTUM (FIG. 9C). ARTIcULAR MARGIN WITH INTeRLOcKING TOOTH, WIDTH Of TOOTH 1/3 HeIGHT Of ARTIcULAR MARGIN (FIG. 9E). ADDUcTOR PLATe ABSeNT (FIG. 9C). TeRGUM SUBTRIANGULAR (FIG. 9D, F), ScUTAL MARGIN cONcAVe, WITH NOTcH; INNeR SIDe Of ScUTAL MARGIN WITH SeMIcIRcULAR DePReSSION AccOMMODATING INTeRLOcKING TOOTH (FIG. 9F). EXTeRNAL SURfAce WITH SHALLOW, LONGITUDINAL MeDIAN fURROW. INNeR SURfAce WITH INWARD TOOTH LOcATeD cLOSe TO BASAL MARGIN Of TeRGUM, PeRPeNDIcULAR TO BASAL MARGIN (FIG. 9F).

MAXILLA eLLIPTIcAL (FIG. 10A), WITH SeRRULATe SeTAe ON cIRcUMfeReNce (FIG. 10B–C). MAXILLULe WITH cUTTING eDGe STRAIGHT WITHOUT NOTcH, ROW Of 9–11 SPINeS (FIG. 10E–H). UPPeR AND LOWeR MARGINS WITH LONG, SIMPLe SeTAe (FIG. 10 D). MANDIBLe WITH 4 OR 5 TeeTH, eXcLUDING INfeRIOR ANGLe (INcONSISTeNT IN 2 SPecIMeNS, FIG. 11A, F). SecOND TO fOURTH TeeTH BIDeNTATe (FIG. 11B–E), UPPeR 3 TeeTH OccUPyING ABOUT 4/5 LeNGTH Of cUTTING eDGe, LOWeR MARGIN SHORT WITH SMALL, cONIcAL SPINeS, INfeRIOR ANGLe WITH SeVeRAL SeTAe (FIG. 11E, H). MANDIBULAR PALP OVAL (FIG. 12A), SeRRULATe SeTAe ON DISTAL (FIG. 12B) AND eXTeRIOR MARGINS (FIG. 12C). LABRUM BILOBeD, LOBeS SePARATeD By V-SHAPeD NOTcH (FIG. 12E), SINGLe TOOTH OR NO TOOTH ON eAcH SIDe Of NOTcH (INcONSISTeNT IN 2 SPecIMeNS, FIG. 12D, G).

CIRRUS I WITH SUBeqUAL RAMI; ANTeRIOR RAMUS LONG, SLeNDeR, 13 SeGMeNTeD (FIGS. 13A, 14A); POSTeRIOR RAMUS 5 SeGMeNTeD, BeARING SeRRULATe SeTAe (FIG. 14B–D). CIRRUS II WITH RAMI SLIGHTLy SUBeqUAL; ANTeRIOR RAMUS 10- SeGMeNTeD, POSTeRIOR RAMUS 8-SeGMeNTeD (FIGS. 13B, 14E), BeARING SeRRULATe SeTAe (FIG. 14F–H). CIRRUS III WITH ANTeRIOR RAMUS SLIGHTLy LONGeR THAN POSTeRIOR RAMUS; ANTeRIOR RAMUS 12-SeGMeNTeD, POSTeRIOR RAMUS 9-SeGMeNTeD (FIGS. 13C, 15A), BeARING SeRRULATe SeTAe (FIG. 15B, C), ANTeRIOR SIDe Of POSTeRIOR RAMUS BeARING cONIcAL SPINeS (FIG. 15D). CIRRI IV–VI LONG, SLeNDeR, RAMI SIMILAR IN LeNGTH (FIGS. 13D–F, 15E, 16A–B). CIRRUS IV WITH ANTeRIOR RAMUS 20-SeGMeNTeD, POSTeRIOR 19-SeGMeNTeD; cIRRUS V (25) (24); cIRRUS VI (23), (25). EAcH INTeRMeDIATe SeGMeNT Of BOTH RAMI Of cIRRI IV AND VI WITH 4 PAIRS Of SeRRULATe SeTAe (FIGS. 15F–H, 16 DF), DISTAL PAIR LONGeST, PROXIMAL PAIR SHORTeST. EAcH INTeRMeDIATe SeGMeNT Of BOTH RAMI Of cIRRUS V BeARING 3 PAIRS Of SeRRULATe SeTAe (FIG. 16C). PeNIS LeNGTH 0.6 TIMeS LeNGTH Of cIRRUS VI, ANNULATeD, WITH ScATTeReD SHORT, SIMPLe SeTAe (FIG. 16G). PeDIceL WITH LONG, SHARP BASIDORSAL POINT (FIG. 16H), APeX BeARING SHORT, SIMPLe SeTAe (FIG. 16I).

HABITAT. ON cORAL Echinopora lamellosa, E. pacificus, Montipora SP. AND Oxypora SP. (PAPUA NeW GUINeA).

Distribution. AT PReSeNT, RecORDeD fROM TAIWAN MAIN ISLAND, DONGSHA ATOLL, PHILIPPINeS (MALAy & MIcHONNeAU 2014) AND PAPUA NeW GUINeA.

Etymology. Trevathana doni IS NAMeD IN HONOR Of DONALD T. ANDeRSON (EMeRITUS PROfeSSOR, UNIVeRSITy Of SyDNey, AUSTRALIA) IN APPRecIATION Of HIS cONTRIBUTION TO THe TAXONOMy AND PHyLOGeNy Of cORAL BARNAcLeS.

Remarks. THIS SPecIeS IS SIMILAR TO T. dentata, BUT THe BASIDORSAL POINT Of THe PeNIS IS MUcH LONGeR. THe LeNGTH Of THe BASIDORSAL POINT Of THe PeNIS Of T. doni IS ABOUT THe LeNGTH Of THe BASAL SeGMeNT Of THe PeNIS, WHILe THe LeNGTH Of THAT Of T. dentata IS ABOUT 1/8 Of THe BASAL SeGMeNT Of THe PeNIS (BRIcKNeR et al. 2009). THe GeNeTIc DIVeRGeNceS Of COI AND 12S AMONG INDIVIDUALS cOLLecTeD fROM Oxypora IN PAPUA NeW GUINeA AND Echinopora SPP. fROM TAIWAN AND DONGSHA ATOLL (See SUPPLeMeNTARy TABLe 1) ARe SMALL (<1 %), INDIcATING THeSe INDIVIDUALS SHOULD Be ASSIGNeD TO THe SAMe SPecIeS.