Chlaenius (Sphodromimus) flavofemoratus Laporte, 1834

Figs 7A-C, 14, 22, 30A-E, 38A-C, 40

Chlaenius flavofemoratus Laporte, 1834: 81; Chaudoir 1856: 244 (synonymized with Chlaenius femoratus Dejean, 1826); Chaudoir 1876: 93 (mention); Andrewes 1941: 308 (key to species; distinguished from Chlaenius femoratus Dejean, 1826); Andrewes 1947: 6 (Burma, Indo-China, The Malay Island, Hong Kong); Mandl 1992: 99 ( Macrochlaenites; Java, Burma); Lorenz 1998: 318 (catalogue); Lorenz 2005: 338 (catalogue); Kirschenhofer 2017: 491 (catalogue); Azadbakhsh and Kirschenhofer 2019: 1 (transferred to subgenus Chlaenius Sphodromimus from subgenus Chlaenius Haplochlaenius)

Crepidodera flavofemoratus Crepidodera nigricoxis Motschulsky, 1865: 339 (type locality: Hong Kong); Chaudoir 1876: 94 (redescription); Bates 1892: 312 ( Bhamò, Palon, Karin Chebà, Laos, Java); Mandl 1992: 99 (synonymized with C. flavofemoratus Laporte,1834); Lorenz 1998: 318 (catalogue); Lorenz 2005: 338 (catalogue). Synonym.

Type locality.

Indonesia, Java.

Material examined.

Total 83 specimens. China - Fujian : 1 ♀ (IZAS), Fujian, Nanping, 1985.VI.7 ; 1 ♀ (IZAS), Fujian, Nanjing, 1991.V.15; Guangdong : 3 ♂♂ (IZAS), Guangdong, Haifeng, Jimingsi, 23.037605°N, 115.25343°E, 178.09m / 2017.V.22, Y.Z. Liu, S.P. Yu leg. , Inst. of Zoology; Guangxi : 1 ♂ (IZAS), Guangxi, Longsheng, Liluo, 1985. IV Jun Li leg. ; 1 ♂ (IZAS), Guangxi, Guilin, Longsheng, 2003.VII.7 Jianxin Cui leg. ; 1 ♀ (IZAS), Guangxi, Nanning, 1980.IV.21, Rongquan Cai leg. ; 1 ♂ (IZAS), Guangxi, Jingxi, 840 m, 1998.IV.1 Chunsheng Wu leg. ; Guizhou: 1 ♂ and 1 ♀ (IZAS), Guizhou, Luodian, 420 m, 1979.IV.16, Qingqiang Li leg. ; 1 ♀ (IZAS), Guizhou, Luodian, 1979.V.1; Hainan : 1 ♂ (IZAS), Hainan, Baisha, Yinggeling, 2011.V. 1, 600 m, light trap, Wenxin Lin leg. , Inst. of Zoology; Yunnan : 4 ♂♂ and 1 ♀ (IZAS), Yunnan, Jinghong, Virgin Forest Park, Peacock Villa, 22.0304°N, 100.8763°E, 682 m / 2021.VIII.6 N, along road Pingzhou Zhu leg. , Inst. of Zoology; 1 ♂ (IZAS), Yunnan, Xishuangbanna, Botanical Garden, Chao Wu leg. ; 1 ♀ (IZAS), Yunnan, Hekou, Qiaotou, Bajiaotian village / 22.85348°N, 104.14211°E, 886 m, 2021.IV.21 N, Y. Xu, Z.Q. Yan coll. , Inst. of Zoology; 1 ♂ (CAS), China, Yunnan Province, Tengchong, Shangying, Longwenqiao, field, beach, 25°01'19.9"N, 98°40'40.4"E / 1290 m, 2003.X.20 D., H.B. Liang, X.C. Shi Coll., Institute of Zool., CAS & California Acad. Sciences ; 1 ♂ and 3 ♀♀ (IZAS), Yunnan, Xishuangbanna, Menglun, Botanical Garden, 549 m, 21°56.035'N, 101°15.154'E / 2005.V.25, Guo Zheng leg , Inst. of Zoology, CAS ; 4 ♂♂ and 6 ♀♀ (CAS), Yunnan, Xishuangbanna, Menglun, Botanical Garden, 558 m, 21°55.035'N, 101°16.500'E / 2007.V.20, Guo Zheng leg , Inst. of Zoology, CAS ; 3 ♂♂ and 8 ♀♀ (IZAS), Yunnan, Xishuangbanna, Menglun, Botanical Garden, 558 m, 21°55.035'N, 101°16.500'E / 2007.VII.10, Guo Zheng leg , Inst. of Zoology, CAS ; 1 ♂ and 4 ♀♀ (CAS), Yunnan, Xishuangbanna, Menglun, Botanical Garden, 572 m, 21°54.646'N, 101°16.257'E / 2007.I.10, Guo Zheng leg , Inst. of Zoology, CAS ; 2 ♀♀ (IZAS), Yunnan, Xishuangbanna, Menglun, Botanical Garden, 2009.XII.1, Guo Tang leg , Inst. of Zoology; 2 ♀♀ (IZAS), China, Yunnan Prov., Nabanhe N.R. Guomenshan, alt. 1150 m, 2009.V.6, Jiayao Hu, Ziwei Yin leg. ; 1 ♂ (IZAS), Yunnan, Jinghong, Menghai, Nabanhe N.R. Guomenshan, Forest, 2009.VI.26, 1114 m/ 22.24644°N, 100.60610°E, pitfall, L.Z. Meng leg. , Inst. of Zoology; 1 ♂ (IZAS), China, Yunnan, Hekou, Longpu, 240 m, 2011.IV.13 D, 22.65404°N, 103.98193°E / Xinlei Huang leg. , Inst. of Zoology, CAS ; 1 ♂ (IZAS), Yunnan, Xishuangbanna, Menglun, Botanical Garden, 540 m, 21.92987°N, 101.24820°E, 2011.IV.21 N/ Hongbin Liang, Kaiqing Li leg. , Institute of Zool., CAS ; 1 ♂ (CAS), Yunnan, Xishuangbanna, Menglun, Botanical Garden, 540 m, 21.92987°N, 101.24820°E, 2011.IV.22 / Yan Li leg. , Institute of Zool., CAS ; 1 ♂ (IZAS), Yunnan Prov. Menglun, Botanical Garden, vegetation, 21.91175°N, 101.28163°E / 650 m, 2009.XI.15, Guo Tang Coll., Inst. of Zoology; 1 ♀ (IZAS), Yunnan, Xishuangbanna, Menglun, Botanical Garden, 2011.V.04, 560 m / 21°55'39.66"N, 101°15'18.09"E, Jingxin Liu leg. , Inst. of Zoology; 1 ♀ (IZAS), Yunnan, Xishuangbanna, 29 km NW, Jinghong, vic. Da Nuo You / 22°12.41'N, 100°38.29'E, 790 m, 2009.V.16 leg. L. Meng , rice follow; 1 ♀ (IZAS), Yunnan, Xishuangbanna, 20km NW, Jinghong, vic. Man Dian (NNNR)/ 22°07.80'N, 100°40.05'E, 740 m, 2008.V.13 leg. A. Weigei rubb. plant; 1 ♂ and 1 ♀ (CAS), Yunnan, Lushui, Pianma, Gangfang, Xuetang 26.12218°N, 98.57546°E / 1625 m, 2005.V.16 N, D. Kavanaugh, D.Z. Dong leg. , Inst. of Zoology, CAS ; 1 ♂ (CAS), China, Yunnan, Mengla, Biodiversity Corridor, 660 m, 2011.IV.25 D, 21.40482°N, 101.63035°E / Xinlei Huang leg. , G213 1999 km, Inst. of Zoology, CAS ; 1 ♂ (IZAS), Yunnan, Yangbi, Pingpo, 1422 m, 25°35'33"N, 100°2'56"E / 2002.VI.27, Min Wu leg. ; 1 ♀ (CAS), China, Yunnan Province, Tengchong, Qushi Town, Xiaojiangqiao, riverside, 25°14'22.2"N, 98°37'38.0"E / 1445 m, 2003.X.21, night, H.B. Liang, X.C. Shi Coll., Institute of Zool., CAS & California Acad. Science ; 1 ♀ (CAS), Yunnan, Gaoligongshan, Nujiang Prefecture, 1500 m, 26°07.3'N, 98°34.5'E, 1998.X.14, D.H. Kavanaugh leg. ; 2 ♂♂ (IZAS), Yunnan, Xishuangbanna, Menglun Town NO.55, 2009.V.04, Hu Li leg. ; 4 ♀♀ (IZAS), Yunnan, Xishuangbanna, Menglun, Botanical Garden, 2012.V.16, L.Z. Meng leg. , Inst. of Zoology; 1 ♂ (IZAS), Yunnan, Xishuangbanna, Menglun, 1982.IV.26, Linyao Wang leg. ; 1 ♂ (IZAS), Yunnan, 1980.VI.5, Fen Liu leg. ; 1 ♀ (IZAS), Yunnan, Gaoligong, Cikai Town, Pulahe joint of Nujiang, 27.74843°N, 98.66498°E / 1530 m 2004.X.23, night, D. Kavanaugh, D.Z. Dong leg. Inst. of Zoology, CAS; 1 ♂ (IZAS), Yunnan, Lancang, Mafang By pitfall traps, 22.57925°N, 99.99849°E / 1723 m, 2004.VI.16, W.B. Gu coll , Inst. of Zoology, CAS ; 1 ♀ (CAS), Yunnan, Lushui, Liuku, Gaoligong Shan, 25°51'20"N, 98°50'58"E / 800 m, 2002.IX.19, H.B. Liang, night, Sino-American Exped., Inst. of Zoology, CAS ; 1 ♂ (CAS), China, Yunnan, Gaoligongshan, Nujiang Prefecture, Gangfang, Sancha Lukou / 26 07.3'N, 98 34.5'E, 1500 m, 1998.X.12, D.H. Kavanaugh collector .; Myanmar: 1 ♂ (NHML), Carin Cheba, 900-1100 m, L. Fea / Fry Coll., 1905.100./ Chlaenius flavofemoratus Cast. = nigricoxis Mots., comp with type, H.E. Andrewes det.; Vietnam : 1 ♀ (IZAS), Tonkin, Hoa Binh, leg: A. de Cooman .

Diagnosis.

Pronotum metallic green to metallic coppery. PW/PL = 1.14-1.26; PAW/PBW = 0.76-0.92 (Fig. 22); pronotum subquadrate with anterior angles rounded, not projected forward; disc gently convex, sparsely punctate. Elytral intervals convex basally, flat apically, densely punctate and pubescent. Hind wings developed. Metepisterna long, MW/ML = 0.75-0.92 (Fig. 14). Distal half of femora red-brown, the rest of legs black. This species is similar to Chlaenius (Haplochlaenius) costiger Chaudoir, 1856, but intervals interval convex basally and flat apically, not costulate.

Description.

BL = 22.3-25.3 mm, BW = 8.5-10.4 mm, PAW = 3.5-4.0 mm, PBW = 4.3-4.6 mm, PW = 5.5-5.8 mm, PL = 4.5-4.9 mm, MW = 1.9-2.5 mm, ML = 2.4-3.0 mm. Head, elytra, and venter black; pronotum metallic green to metallic coppery; antennae, labial and maxillary palpi, apex of mouthparts and tarsomeres dark brown; distal half of femora red-brown, the rest of legs black.

Head. Vertex finely punctate and pubescent, with a glabrous area in the middle; antennae long, reaching middle of elytra; antennomere 3 ~ 1.7 × longer than antennomere 4.

Pronotum subquadrate, PW/PL = 1.14-1.26 (Fig. 22), widest at apical four-ninth; anterior margin slightly concave, PAW/PBW = 0.76-0.92; lateral margins rounded or straight before posterior angles; anterior angles rounded, not projected forward; posterior angles obtuse; disc gently convex, sparsely punctate, without glabrous area in the middle; median line distinct, fine, reaching anterior margin and base; basal foveae deep, punctate and pubescent.

Elytra elongate, EL/BW = 1.47-1.83; slightly convex, widest near posterior third, rounded at apex in males, subtruncate in females; parascutellar striae well developed; parascutellar pores present; striae with deep punctures; interval convex basally, flat apically, densely punctate and pubescent; sutural angles obtuse; hind wings developed.

Venter densely punctate, pubescent; metepisterna (Fig. 14) long, MW/ML = 0.75-0.92; abdominal sternites III-VI with one setiferous puncture each side, sternite VII with one pair of setiferous punctures in males, two pairs in females.

Legs long and slender; tarsi nearly smooth dorsally.

Male genitalia. Median lobe (Fig. 30B-E) large, long, strongly bent to ventral side; apical orifice opened dorsally, long and wide, not reaching basal bulb; in dorsal view, apical lamella (Fig. 30A) slightly bent to left side, width slightly longer than length, apex rounded; in left lateral view, apical portion slightly bent ventrally at apex, left side near apical lamella with a large denticulation; internal sac with flagellum slender, apex with a helical sclerite, not reaching to apical orifice; left paramere larger than right paramere, both rounded; endophallus with flagellum fine and slightly bent; basal part of flagellum without a sclerite; apical part of flagellum with a drop-shaped bursa.

Female genitalia. Bursa copulatrix (Fig. 38A-C) very long, base with trapeziform protrusion; villous canal long, tortuously contorted, adhered to common oviduct; spermatheca and spermathecal gland absent.

Distribution.

(Fig. 40) China (Fujian; Guangdong; Guangxi; Guizhou; Hainan; Hong Kong; Yunnan), Indonesia, Laos, Myanmar, Vietnam.

Remarks.

Due to the fully developed hind wings and the shape of pronotum, this species is very special among species of Sphodromimus . It also has a wider distribution than other species. But the morphological characteristic of the apical lamella of the aedeagus, denticulate on the dorsal side, and the mentum with a bifid tooth show that the species belongs to Sphodromimus . The subspecies C. (Sphodromimus) flavofemoratus enleensis Mandl, 1992 was upgraded as a valid species (see below).