Milviscutulus mangiferae (Green, 1889)

(Figs 37, 38)

Lecanium mangiferae Green, 1889: 249 Diagnosis. Dorsum with anal plates pyriform, each with 4 apical setae (Figs 37D, 38E); dorsal setae clavate (Fig. 38F); duct tubercles present (Fig. 38D). Marginal setae spinose, mostly with fimbriate apices (Fig. 38M). Venter with multilocular disc-pores usually each with 7–10 loculi, present on posterior area of abdomen, occasionally with a few laterad of metacoxa (Fig. 38K); antenna 8 segmented (Fig. 38P) (partially adopted from Williams & Watson 1990; Hodgson 1994).

Material examined. 3 ♀♀, LAOS, Phou Khao Khuay National Bio-Diversity Conservation Area, Thaphabath Dist., Bolikhamsai Prov., 4.v.2015, coll. J.Y. Choi, on Mangifera indica L. ( Anacardiaceae); 1 ♀, Vangvieng Dist., Vientiane Prov., 8.ii.2017, coll. P.P. Soysouvanh, on Chrysalidocarpus lutescens H. Wendl. (Arecaceae) .

Hosts. Polyphagous. According to García Morales et al. (2016), M. mangiferae has been recorded from plants belonging to 82 genera in 42 families. In Laos, it has been found on Dracaena sp. ( Asparagaceae) and Ficus sp. ( Moraceae) (Suh & Bombay 2015).

Distribution. All zoogeographical regions; Oriental Region (India, Indonesia, Laos, Malaysia, Philippines, Singapore, Sri Lanka, Taiwan, Thailand and Vietnam) (Suh & Bombay 2015; García Morales et al. 2016).

Economic importance. Milviscutulus mangiferae was listed as a major pest of mango ( Mangifera indica) in Israel, U.S.A. and the Pacific region (Gill & Kosztarab 1997), causing yellowing, leaf drop, and death of branches (Grimshaw & Donaldson 2007).

Remarks. Milviscutulus mangiferae is closely related to M. spiculatus Williams & Watson, 1990, but is easily differentiated by having clavate or capitate dorsal setae and mostly fimbriate marginal setae; in contrast, M. spiculatus has flagellate to lanceolate but never bluntly clavate or capitate dorsal setae, and the marginal setae are mostly pointed. For comparisons with other species of Milviscutulus, see Williams & Watson (1990).