Lilioceris consentanea (Lacordaire, 1845)

Figs 3-6, 27A-D, 37A-C, 56A-D, 58A-C, 67, 69A, B

Crioceris consentanea Lacordaire, 1845: 561 (Vietnam).

Lilioceris consentanea: Kimoto and Gressitt 1979: 222.

Lilioceris xinglongensis Long, 1988: 232 (China: Hainan, holotype, male), syn. nov.

Type material examined.

Syntype of Lilioceris consentanea (NHML, photo), Type / Coll E. Chev. t / Crioceris consentanea Lac. Cochinchine ex mus Guerini, Type 20 / Crioceris consentanea Lac. Type / BMNH(E)1344910 / 37; holotype of Lilioceris xinglongensis (MBSU), Holotype, Lilioceris xinglongensis Long, ♀, Jianguo Long det. / Hainan, Xinglong, 1980.IX.29-X.3. Shiyang Xia coll. / 603 / En-207209 SYS.

Other material examined.

Total 152 specimens. China: Hainan: 12♀ 16♂, Xinglong Farm / 1974.IV, host plant: Cycas revoluta; 14♀ 27♂, Diaoluo Shan Forestry Bureau, 18.66590°N, 109.93044°E / 85 m, 2007.XII.10, Zhu XY and Yang GY coll., Inst. of Zoology, CAS ; 1♀, Lingshui, Diaoluo Shan, 920 m, 2007.V.3, Li Xian / IOZ(E)1880967 ; 1♂, Lingshui, Diaoluo Shan, 920 m, 2007.V.3, Li Xian / IOZ(E)1880965 ; 1♂, Lingshui, Diaoluo Shan, 920 m, 2007.V.3, Li Xian / IOZ(E)1880968 ; 1♀, Lingshui, Diaoluo Shan, 920 m, 2007.V.3, Li Xian / IOZ(E)1880969 ; 1♀, Lingshui, Diaoluo Shan, 920 m, 2007.V.3, Li Xian / IOZ(E)1880970 ; 1♂, Lingshui, Diaoluo Shan, 920 m, 2007.V.3, Li Xian / IOZ(E)1880971 ; 1♂, Lingshui, Diaoluo Shan, 920 m, 2007.V.3, Li Xian / IOZ(E)1880972 ; 1♂, Lingshui, Diaoluo Shan, 920 m, 2007.V.3, Li Xian / IOZ(E)18809732 ; 1♂, Lingshui, Diaoluo Shan, 920 m, 2007.V.3, Li Xian / IOZ(E)1880974 ; 1♂, Lingshui, Diaoluo Shan, 920 m, 2007.V.3, Li Xian / IOZ(E)1880975 ; 1♂, Lingshui, Diaoluo Shan, 920 m, 2007.V.3, Li Xian / IOZ(E)1880976 ; 1♂, Lingshui, Diaoluo Shan, 920 m, 2007.V.3, Li Xian / IOZ(E)1880977 ; 1♂, Lingshui, Diaoluo Shan, 920 m, 2007.V.3, Li Xian / IOZ(E)1880978 ; 1♀, Lingshui, Diaoluo Shan, 920 m, 2007.V.3, Li Xian / IOZ(E)1880979 ; 1♀, Lingshui, Diaoluo Shan, 920 m, 2007.V.3, Li Xian / IOZ(E)1880980 ; 1♀, Lingshui, Diaoluo Shan, 920 m, 2007.V.3, Li Xian / IOZ(E)1880981 ; 1♂, Lingshui, Diaoluo Shan, 920 m, 2007.V.3, Li Xian / IOZ(E)1880982 ; 1♀, Lingshui, Diaoluo Shan, 920 m, 2007.V.3, Li Xian / IOZ(E)1880983 ; 1♂, Lingshui, Diaoluo Shan, 920 m, 2007.V.3, Li Xian / IOZ(E)1880984 ; 1♂, Lingshui, Diaoluo Shan, 920 m, 2007.V.3, Li Xian / IOZ(E)1881004 ; 2♂, Lingshui, Diaoluo Shan, 921 m, 2007.V.3, Liu Y. and Shi Hongliang coll., Inst. of Zoology, CAS ; 2♂, Lingshui, Diaoluo Shan, 921 m, 2007.V.3, Liu Y. and Shi Hongliang coll., Inst. of Zoology, CAS ; 2♀, Lingshui, Diaoluo Shan, 921 m, 2007.V.3, Liu Y. and Shi Hongliang coll., Inst. of Zoology, CAS ; 15♀ 26♂, Lingshui, Mt. Xin-an, on vegetation, 18.72510°N, 109.86861°E / 921 m, 2007.03.25, Day, Shi H.L., Yuan F. coll., Institute of Zoology, Chinese Acad. Sciences ; 4♀ 5♂, Lingshui, Diaoluo Shan, Xin-an, on vegetation, 18.72510°N, 109.86861°E / 921 m, 2007.III.25, Hongliang Shi and Feng Yuan coll. ; 3♀ 5♂, Lingshui, Diaoluo Shan, 18.72467°N, 109.86804°E, 920 m, Rui Chen and Ye Liu coll.; Yunnan : 1♀, Xishuangbanna, Menglun, 600 m / 1994.IV.24, Huanli Xu coll. / Lilioceris consentanea, det. Liang H.B. ; 1♀, Xishuangbanna, Menghun, 750 m / 1958.VI.5, Xuwu Meng coll. ; 1♂, Xishuangbanna, Xiaomengyang, 850 m / 1957.X.13, Lingchao Zang coll. ; 1♂, Menghai, 1060 m, 1980.V.1 / Lilioceris consentanea, det. Peiyu Yu ; 1♂, Xishuangbanna, Menghai, 1200-1600 m, 1958.VII.25, Fuji Pu coll. / Lilioceris consentanea, det. Peiyu Yu ; 1♂, Xishuangbanna, Xiaomengyang, 850 m / 1957.X.26, Lingchao Zang coll; Laos : 1 specimen (NHML), Luang Prabang. Sept. 1917. R.V. de Salvaza. / Crioceris consentanea Lac. / 1344970, BMNH(E) .

Diagnosis.

Anterior angles of pronotum rounded, pronotal disc with two rows of fine punctures. Humeral groove of elytra indistinct, punctures sparse and diminishing posteriorly, absent on apical 1/3. Femora of mid- and hind legs without tooth. Lateral metasternum with a wide strip of pubescence.

Redescription.

BL = 8.5-9.2 mm, BW = 3.5-4.0 mm. Body mostly brownish red, antennae, legs, mesoepisternum, mesoepimeron, and lateral metaepisternum black; in some specimens, ventral surface black.

Head (Figs 3, 5, 37A). Vertex flat, with a shallow groove in the middle, sparsely punctate and pubescent laterally; frontoclypeal area triangular, lateral disc with punctures and setae; labrum transverse, with sparse setae; antennae nearly 1/3 length of body, antennomeres 1-4 nearly globular, antennomere 2 shortest, antennomeres 5-10 slightly longer than wide.

Pronotum (Figs 3, 5, 37B). Anterior angles distinctly rounded, not protruding, posterior angles slightly protruding; sides strongly constricted in the middle; disc slightly raised; middle of disc with two rows fine punctures. Scutellum triangular and pubescent.

Elytra (Figs 3, 5, 27B). Humeri protruding, humeral groove and basal impression indistinct; strial punctures sparse and large in the base, diminishing posteriorly, absent on apical 1/3; intervals smooth; epipleura raised, with a row of fine punctures.

Mesosternum pubescent. Lateral metasternum with a long strip of pubescence, extending from the posterior to anterior margin. Metepisternum densely pubescent (Fig. 37C).

Abdominal sternite (Fig. 27A). Densely pubescent, lateral transverse impressions absent.

Leg (Fig. 27C). Femora with dense pubescence on the dorsal surface, with sparse pubescence on the ventral surface, without tooth.

Male genitalia (Fig. 56A-D). Ostium occupying 1/4 length of median lobe (Fig. 56A); apex hooked (Fig. 56B); tegmen Y-shaped, basal piece of tegmen oval and broad, lateral lobes distinctly sclerotized and combined with second connecting membrane; internal sac membranous, with distinct dorsal and ventral sclerites, posterior part of dorsal sclerite in dorsal view parallel, ventral sclerite strongly extended and tubular (= flagellum), median sclerite very small (Fig. 56C, D).

Female reproductive organs (Fig. 58A-C). Tergites 8 and 9, sternites 8 and 9 sclerotized, posterior areas of tergite 8, sternite 8, and apodemes with pubescence, spiculum gastrale Y-shaped and strong; ovipositor with sparse pubescence, distal part of ovipositor cylindrical, short and with a protuberance; spermatheca simple and curved.

Distribution

(Fig. 67). China (Yunnan, Hainan, Fujian ( Bezděk and Schmitt 2017)); Laos; Vietnam ( Warchałowski 2011).

Host plant and habitat

(Fig. 69A, B). This species fed on Cycas revoluta Thunb. according to observation of HBL in Diaoluo Shan (Hainan). Diaoluo is one of the most well-preserved areas of tropical rainforest in China, located in the southeast of Hainan. The area has an oceanic tropical monsoon climate with abundant rainfall. The habitat of this species is open, composed of tall trees, woody vines, and weeds. It also occurred on C. revoluta planted in the garden.

Remarks.

This species can be easily recognized by its anterior angles of the pronotum being particularly rounded (Fig. 37B), and its male genitalia with three sclerites that are not clearly separated. The male genitalia are similar to that of L. yuae Long, 2000b, but differ by the dorsal sclerite being cruciform in dorsal view (Fig. 56C). In L. yuae, the dorsal sclerite is cuneiform in dorsal view (Fig. 55C).

The body color of this species is variable. The abdomen and legs of the specimens from Hainan are brownish red, while the specimens from Yunnan are completely black. We have compared the genitalia of specimens from Hainan and Yunnan and found no differences. We compared the type of Lilioceris xinglongensis Long, 1988 (Figs 3, 4) with that of L. consentanea, and found no significant differences; the two species are therefore treated as conspecific.