Key to species for the Hyphessobrycon panamensis species-group

1. Presence of a silvery-blue iridescent coloration on dorsal region of flanks in life; body depth 46.0–50.3% SL..................................................................................................... H. columbianus

1’. Absence of a silvery-blue iridescent coloration on dorsal region of flank in life; body depth 31.8–46.5% SL.............. 2

2. Two humeral blotches equally pigmented, extending two to four longitudinal scale rows below lateral line, with contours and margins always well-defined..................................................................... H. savagei

2’. Two humeral blotches, the second one less conspicuous than the first, extending up to two longitudinal scale rows below lateral line, with posterior margin as a concentration of melanophores concentrated along longitudinal midlateral stripe; or only one diffuse humeral blotch, in H. daguae ...................................................................... 3

3. Branched anal-fin rays 19–23 (modes = 21 and 22);............................................... H. panamensis

3’. Branched anal-fin rays 23–27, rarely 22 (modes = 24 and 25).................................................. 4

4. Single diffuse humeral blotch; lateral line frequently disrupted.......................................... H. daguae

4. Two humeral blotches, the first one well defined; lateral line incompletely pored (rarely disrupted in H. condotensis)...... 5

5. Epibranchial 1 with 5–7 (mode = 7) gill rakers; dorsal-fin length 27.7–29.7% SL, and pelvic-fin length 17.3–20.5% SL in ma- ture males................................................................................ H. condotensis

5’. Epibranchial 1 with 8–9, rarely 7 (mode = 8) gill rakers; dorsal-fin length 27.8–41.2% SL, and pelvic-fin length 20.4–24.5% SL in mature males................................................................. H. bussingi, new species