The Scorpaena papillosa complex

Included species. Scorpaena papillosa ( S. papillosa papillosa and S. papillosa ergastulorum) and Scorpaena vesperalis n. sp.

Diagnosis. A species complex distinguished from other Indo-Pacific species of Scorpaena by the following unique characters: dorsal fin with 10 soft rays, coronal spines present, and two upwardly directed spines (anterodorsal and lateral lacrimal spines) on lacrimal bone present (Fig. 1).