Bothynus gisae Duarte, Dupuis and Grossi sp. n.

(Figures 3 (g), 11(g), 13(g), 14(g), 15(h), 19(h), 20(b), 25)

Diagnosis

Bothynus gisae resembles B. cyclops, but the new species is distinguished by the following combination of characters: Protarsomere 5 of male gradually widening towards apex (Figure 11 (g)); parameres with apical lobes visible in caudal view (Figure 13 (g)); apex of parameres rounded in lateral view (Figure 14 (g)); in female, tergite 8 nearly glabrous (Figure 19 (h)) with shallow and small punctures on discal region (Figure 20 (b)).

Holotype Male, dissected, labelled: ‘ ARGENTINA, Misiones, Eldorado, 22.i.1995 ’ (CERPE).

Paratypes

14 males and 11 females, labelled: “ ARGENTINA: Tucuman, Apeadero Militar Gen . Muñoz, 18 km sud Tafi del Valle, 1670 m, 15.xii.2006, P. Schmidt leg. – 1 male (FDPC) . ‘ BRASIL: Distrito Federal, Brasília, x.1992, E. & P. Grossi legs’. – 1 female (CERPE); ‘ BRASIL: Distrito Federal, Planaltina, Embrapa Cerrados, área agrícola, 15°35'54'' S, 47°42'51'' W, 17.xii.2005, luz, C. Oliveira leg’. – 1 male (CEMT); ‘ BRASIL: Goiás, São João D’AlianÇa, Chapada dos Veadeiros, Faz . Sendai, 900 m, 14.xi.2007, R. M. Koike leg’. – 1 male (CERPE); ‘ BRASIL: Mato Grosso, Chapada dos Guimarães, Aldeia Velha, 15°26'28''S, 55°45'08'' W, 01.iii.2023, F.R. Tortato’ – 1 male (CEMT); ‘ BRASIL: Minas Gerais, Lavras, 12.iv.2008, L. G. Paranhos leg’. – 1 male (CERPE); “ BRASIL: Minas Gerais, Montes Claros, com. Lagoinha, 16°53'10''S, 43° 51'50''W, iii. 2023, 989 m, G. L. D. Leite – 3 females (CEMT). “ BRASIL: Minas Gerais, Buritis, Fazenda Querência, 03.xii.2012, luz, C. M. Oliveira leg. – 2 females (CEMT); ‘ Brasilien, Na Teutonia, Fritz Plaumann, xi-1972 ’ – 1 male and 1 female (BCRC); ‘ Jabaguara, São Paulo, 17.xii.1933, Halik’ – 1 female (BCRC); “ Porto Flor, (TC) S. Paulo, I.1922, Halik – 1 male (BCRC) . ‘ Mafra, Santa Catarina, xii-1931, Brazil, A. Maller Collector’ – 2 males (USNM) . ‘ PARAGUAY: CAAZAPÁ: Estero Cristal, 20.x.1999’ – 1 female (CERPE) . ‘ Paraguai, Caazapa, Estero Cristal, 20.x.1999, A. P. Dreckzel Leg’. – 1 male (BCRC) . ‘ Cerro, Amambay, Paraguay, Oct. 1939, A. Schultze, M. Robinson Collection, 1959’ – 2 males and 2 females (USNM) . ‘ PARAGUAY: Cordillera, Cabañas, Caacupe, 19 February 1981, RD Cave colr’ – 1 male (RDCC) .

Holotype description (Figure 3 (g))

Length: 25.9 mm. Width: 14.1 mm. Colour: Predominantly reddish brown, except pronotal cavity and head darker. Head: Clypeus subtriangular, posterior width 3.8 times wider than anterior; lateral margins sinuous, strongly constricted towards anterior half; anterior teeth conical, separated by a narrow groove; surface strongly rugopunctate, glabrous. Frontoclypeal carina strongly marked, arched. Frontal surface transversely, strongly rugose, glabrous. Interocular width equals 2.8 transverse eye diameters. Ocular canthus bearing arched anterior margin. Mouthparts: Mandible with apical and medial teeth subequal in size, slightly back produced; basal tooth triangular, smaller than previous ones; apical tooth pointed apically, medial tooth rounded apically (possibly abrased). Labium subtriangular, flattened, densely setose laterally; disc rugopunctate, scarcely setose. Antennae: Club subequal in length to antennomeres 2–7 combined. Prothorax: Pronotum with strong, conical anterior tubercle, transverse at basis; cavity deep, rounded, broad (occupying 2/3 of anterior pronotal area); posterior area strongly convex in lateral view; cavity transversely rugose, limited by small punctures; pronotal sides close to margins bearing dense, deep, large punctures, from coalescent to contiguous, gradually becoming shallow, smaller, sparser (about 2–3 puncture diameters apart), towards to a posterior disc with minute punctures. Pterothorax: Scutellar plate subparabolic, smooth. Elytral striae well marked; surface covered by large, ocellate, deep punctures, contiguous on sutural stria, from contiguous to separated by 2 puncture diameters on other striae; punctures on interstriae scarce, irregularly arranged. Legs: Inner protarsal claw deeply incised, with subequal branches. Protarsomere 5 gradually widened towards apex, bearing a subapical, ventrolateral process (Figure 11 (g)). Mesotibial outer surface only with a middle carina. Metatibia with 2 carinae projected on outer surface (one basal, one medial). Abdomen: Tergite 7 with stridulatory apparatus formed by 1 band of numerous, transverse, finely marked striae. Tergite 8 glabrous, densely rugopunctate on sides; discal area with shallow, scarce punctures. Ventrite 4 completely setose; ventrites 5–7 with a row of setose punctures confined on sides, disc smooth; sternite 8 smooth. Aedeagus: Parameres, in caudal view, bearing subparallel sides at basal half, abruptly constricted lateroventrally towards apical half; apex bearing 2 long, oval lobes (Figure 13 (g)). Parameres, in lateral view, bearing a small, basal carina on ventral surface; apex rounded (Figure 14 (g)).

Variation in the paratypes

Males. Length: 25.0–26.0 mm. Width: 14.0– 14.1 mm. Mouthparts: Mandible bearing a tapered, pointed medial tooth, subequal to apical one. Maxilla provided with 6 teeth (2 at apex [1 strong, 1 weak], 1 medial [strong], and 3 basal [weak]) arranged on apex of galea. Prothorax: Pronotal tubercle truncated apically. Females (Figure 15 (h)). Length: 24.5– 25.5 mm. Width: 13.0– 14.5 mm. Prothorax: Anterior pronotal tubercle small; cavity shallow, declivous, strongly rugose; sides and posterior area nearly completely covered with large, dense, deep, from contiguous to coalescent punctures; middle area just behind cavity bearing minute punctures. Legs: Inner protarsal claw simple, similar to outer claw. Abdomen: Tergite 8 weakly setose, with scarce setae transversely arranged on an area close to posterior margin (Figure 19 (h)); discal region with shallow and transverse punctures (Figure 20 (b)). Sternite 8 strongly rugose, covered with moderate setae.

Distribution

Argentina (Missiones, Tucuman), Brazil (Distrito Federal, Goiás, Minas Gerais, Santa Catarina), and Paraguay (Caazapá) (Figure 25).

Etymology

The specific epithet ‘ gisae ’ is given after the wife of the first author.

Remarks

Bothynus gisae sp. n. refers to ‘ Bothynus species 1 ’ mentioned by Ratcliffe et al. (2023).