Lycosa piochardi Simon, 1876

Figs 1, 2D, 3D, 4D, 5D, 6D, G, 7D, G, 9C–L, 10C–L, 11E–F, 12D, 13–18, 21C–D, 22C–D, 23–27

Lycosa piochardi Simon, 1876: 72, pl. 3 figs 8–9 (♂ ♀, Syria).

Tarentula piochardi infraclara Strand, 1915: 167 (♀, Israel). Syn. nov.

Tarentula piochardi – Kulczyński 1911: 51, pl. 2 figs 60–61 (♀, Lebanon).

Lycosa piochardi infraclara – Roewer 1955: 269.

Lycosa piochardi – Nentwig et al. 2019: 40, fig. 6a–b (♀). — Nadolny & Zamani 2020: 209, fig. 19 (♀). — Zamani et al. 2021: 284, figs 7a–f, 8a–o (♀, Iran).

Lycosa piochardi infraclara – Nentwig et al. 2019: 40, fig. 6c–e (♀, subspecies inquirenda).

Diagnosis

Male

Tegular apophysis tip (TAT) bent posteriorly at ~90° (in L. hyraculus sp. nov. TA unbent posteriorly). CTA (Fig. 2D) serrated (in L. hyraculus CTA smooth-edged), not wider than TA (in L. praegrandis, Fig. 2E, CTA wider than TA). Tip of conductor membranous, triangular, smooth-edged (in the similar L. praegrandis it is semicircular and unevenly toothed) (Figs 2D, 3D, 4D, 5D, 6D, 7D, 12D, 13).

Female

Epigyne: septal pedicel reduced, septum subtriangular to trapezoidal, proportions vary greatly! Copulatory openings narrow, at anterior end of septum. Distal part of spermatheca (Fig. 10C–L) bent dorso-ventrally (in the similar L. praegrandis it is bent distally, so that the left spermatheca twists counterclockwise, Fig. 10M). Head of spermatheca elongated, not much wider than spermatheca. Both sexes distinguished from other levantine Lycosa by habitus: ocular area <⅓ length of carapace, not raised (Figs 6G, 7G, 9C–L, 10C–L, 11E–F).

Type material

Holotype SYRIA • ♀; 1876; M.Ch. Piochard de la Brûlerie leg.; MNHN 2076 (not examined).

Paratypes SYRIA • 5 ♀♀; same collection data as for holotype; MNHN 1266 (examined)

Other material examined

EGYPT – Sinai • 1 ♀; Al-Qusaymah (Kadesh Barnea); [30.668° N, 34.366° E]; 13 Nov. 1967; P. Amitai leg.; HUJ INV-AR20838 • 1 juv.; same collection data as for preceding; HUJ INV-AR20839 • 1 ♀; Mt. Catherine; [28.56° N, 33.95° E]; 16 Aug. 1968; Tsabar leg.; HUJ INV-AR20860 • 1 ♂; same collection data as for preceding; 17 Jul. 1968; HUJ INV-AR20862 • 1 ♂; same collection data as for preceding; 16 Aug. 1968; HUJ INV-AR20861 ISRAEL and PALESTINE – Coastal Plain • 1 ♂; Ashdod sands; [31.763° N, 35.633° E]; 19 Jun. 2020; I. Armiach Steinpress leg.; col. sub.; HUJ INV-AR20734 • 1 ♂; Be’eri; [31.42° N, 34.48° E]; 22 Sep. 2011; HUJ INV-AR20923 • 1 ♀; east Holon (near Yamit 2000); [32° N, 34.793° E]; 20 Jul. 2017; I. Armiach Steinpress leg.; HUJ INV-AR20735 • 1 ♀; same collection data as for preceding; 28 Jul. 2018; HUJ INV-AR20782 • 1 juv.; ETSEL memorial monument, Lod; [31.9404° N, 34.8658° E]; 28 May 2014; I. Armiach Steinpress leg.; HUJ INV-AR20779 • 1 juv.; same collection data as for preceding; HUJ INV-AR20780 • 1 ♀; Gaza area; [31.5° N, 34.46° E]; 1942; HUJ INV-AR20895 • 1 ♂; grove near Drezner st., Tel Aviv; [32.1295° N, 34.808° E]; 18 Jun. 2019; I.Armiach Steinpress leg.; col. juv.; HUJ INV-AR20730 • 1 ♀; same collection data as for preceding; col. sub.; HUJ INV-AR20731 • 1 ♂; same collection data as for preceding; col. sub.; HUJ INV-AR20732 • 1 ♂; same collection data as for preceding; col. sub.; HUJ INV-AR20733 • 1 ♀; Hadera sands; [32.461° N, 34.885° E]; 23 Aug. 2018; I. Armiach Steinpress leg.; HUJ INV-AR20759 • 1 ♂; same collection data as for preceding; HUJ INV-AR20760 • 1 ♂; same collection data as for preceding;col. sub.; HUJ INV-AR20761 • 1 ♂; same collection data as for preceding; 4 Jul. 2019; col. sub.; HUJ INV-AR20787 • 1 ♀; Hatsor; [31.77° N, 34.71° E]; 2008; HUJ INV-AR20897 • 1 ♂; same collection data as for preceding; HUJ INV-AR20898 • 1 ♂; same collection data as for preceding; HUJ INV-AR20899 • 1 ♀; Jaffa-Rehoboth; [31.95° N, 34.78° E]; May 1913; I. Aharoni leg.; SMFD2184 • 1 ♀; Kfar Bialik; [32.82° N, 35.087° E]; 17 Sep. 2018; HUJ INV-AR20913 • 1 ♀; same collection data as for preceding; 7 Sep. 2018; with eggsac; HUJ INV-AR20950 • 1 ♀; Mavo Ashdod; [31.84° N, 34.7° E]; 24 Aug. 2015; HUJ INV-AR20926 • 1 ♂; Nitzanim; [31.739° N, 34.623° E]; 11 Jul. 2017; I. Armiach Steinpress leg.; col. juv.; HUJ INV-AR20683 • 1 ♂; Nitzanim sands; 7 Aug. 2017; B. Shacham leg.; HUJ INV-AR20572 • 1 ♀; Oranim boarding School, Rishon LeTsiyon; [31.944° N, 34.805° E]; 24 Aug. 2013; I. Armiach Steinpress leg.; HUJ INV-AR20762 • 1 ♀; Ramat-Gan; [32.08° N, 34.81° E]; 1947; A. Shulov leg.; HUJ INV-AR 20526 • 1 ♂; Rehovot; [31.8992° N, 34.8363° E]; 5 Sep. 2019; I. Armiach Steinpress leg.; HUJ INV-AR20788 • 1 ♀; Savyon; [32.04° N, 34.87° E]; 29 Sep. 1972; HUJ INV-AR20937 • 1 ♀; Superland, Rishon LeTsiyon; [31.9748° N, 34.74235° E]; 6 Sep. 2018; I. Armiach Steinpress leg.; HUJ INV-AR20790 • 1 ♀; Talmei Menashe; [31.941° N, 34.853° E]; 28 May 2014; I. Armiach Steinpress leg.; col. sub.; HUJ INV-AR20781 • 1 juv.; Tel Akko; [32.9212° N, 35.0877° E]; 20 Aug. 2018; I. Armiach Steinpress leg.; HUJ INV-AR20736 • 1 ♀; Tel Baruch, Tel Aviv; [32.13° N, 34.789° E]; 22 Aug. 2020; D. Simon leg.; HUJ INV-AR20584 • 1 ♀; Tel Kofer, Tel Aviv; [32.04° N, 34.807° E]; 12 Oct. 2018; I.Armiach Steinpress leg.; HUJ INV-AR20685 • 1 ♀; same collection data as for preceding; HUJ INV-AR20686 • 1 ♀; same collection data as for preceding; HUJ INV-AR20687 • 1 ♀; same collection data as for preceding; HUJ INV-AR20688 • 1 ♀; same collection data as for preceding; HUJ INV-AR20689 • 1 ♀; same collection data as for preceding; HUJ INV-AR20690 • 1 ♀; same collection data as for preceding; HUJ INV-AR20691 • 1 ♀; same collection data as for preceding; HUJ INV-AR20692 • 1 ♀; same collection data as for preceding; HUJ INV-AR20693 • 1 ♀; same collection data as for preceding; HUJ INV-AR20694 • 1 ♀; same collection data as for preceding; HUJ INV-AR20695 • 1 ♀; same collection data as for preceding; HUJ INV-AR20696 • 1 ♀; same collection data as for preceding; HUJ INV-AR20697 • 1 ♀; same collection data as for preceding; HUJ INV-AR20698 • ♀; same collection data as for preceding; HUJ INV-AR20699 • 1 ♀; same collection data as for preceding; HUJ INV-AR20700 • 1 ♀; same collection data as for preceding; with eggsac; HUJ INV-AR20701 • 1 ♀; same collection data as for preceding; with eggsac; HUJ INV-AR20702 • 1 ♀; same collection data as for preceding; with eggsac; HUJ INV-AR20703 • 1 ♀; same collection data as for preceding; with eggsac; HUJ INV-AR20704 • 1 ♂; same collection data as for preceding; HUJ INV-AR20705 • 1 ♀; Tel Michal, Herzlia; [32.162° N, 34.8° E]; 16 Jun. 2017; I. Armiach Steinpress leg.; col. sub; HUJ INV-AR20716 • 1 ♀; Tira; [32.234° N, 34.934° E]; 17 Jun. 2019; A. Topper leg.; col. sub; HUJ INV-AR20548 • 1 juv.; Yashresh nature reserve, Rehovot; [31.9155° N, 34.8304° E]; 9 Mar. 2018; I. Armiach Steinpress leg.; HUJ INV-AR20813. – Dead Sea Area • 1 ♀; Ein Feshkha; [31.716° N, 35.451° E]; 15 May 1935; A. Shulov leg.; HUJ INV-AR20530 • 1 ♀; Hawat Einot Kedem; [31.928° N, 35.4301° E]; 2 Jun. 2019; E. Gavish-Regev leg.; col. juv.; HUJ INV-AR20621 • 1 ♀; same collection data as for preceding; col. juv.; HUJ INV-AR20622 • 1 ♀; same collection data as for preceding; col. sub.; HUJ INV-AR20623 • 1 ♀; Jericho; [31.85° N, 35.46° E]; 12 Dec. 1987; P.Amitai leg.; HUJ INV-AR20837 • 1 ♀; same collection data as for preceding; 10 Nov. 1971; with juv.; HUJ INV-AR20904. – Galilee • 1 ♀; Adamit; [33.081° N, 35.21° E]; 10 Aug. 1964; HUJ INV-AR20903 • 1 ♀; Ahihud forest; [32.92° N, 35.19° E]; 10 Oct. 2017; B. Shacham leg.; HUJ INV-AR20556 • 1 ♀; Biq`at Qedesh; [33.13° N, 35.54° E]; 13 May 2015; E. Gavish-Regev leg.; HUJ INV-AR20588 • 1 ♂; Dishon; [33.085° N, 35.519° E]; 14 Aug. 2014; E. Gavish-Regev leg.; HUJ INV-AR20589 • 1 ♂; same collection data as for preceding; HUJ INV-AR20590 • 1 ♂; same collection data as for preceding; HUJ INV-AR20591 • ♂; same collection data as for preceding; HUJ INV-AR20592 • 1 ♀; Eilon; [33.059° N, 35.224° E]; 24 Jul. 2018; I. Armiach Steinpress leg.; col. juv.; HUJ INV-AR20763 • 1 juv.; same collection data as for preceding; HUJ INV-AR20764 • 1 juv.; same collection data as for preceding; HUJ INV-AR20765 • 1 ♀; same collection data as for preceding; col. sub.; HUJ INV-AR20766 • 1 ♀; same collection data as for preceding; col. sub.; HUJ INV-AR20767 • 1 ♀; same collection data as for preceding; col. sub.; HUJ INV-AR20768 • 1 ♂; same collection data as for preceding; col. sub.; HUJ INV-AR20769 • 1 ♂; same collection data as for preceding; col. sub.; HUJ INV-AR20770 • 1 ♂; same collection data as for preceding; col. sub.; HUJ INV-AR20771 • 1 ♂; Har Eliezer; [33.044° N, 35.55° E]; Sep. 1995; HUJ INV-AR20955 • 1 ♀; Kfar HaHoresh; [32.7° N, 35.27° E]; 9 Oct. 1968; Gershoni leg.; HUJ INV-AR20679 • 1 ♂; Kfar Kisch; [32.67° N, 35.45° E]; 19 Aug. 2008; HUJ INV-AR20917 • 1 ♀; Moreshet; [32.825° N, 35.232° E]; 23 Sep. 2018; with eggsac; HUJ INV-AR20924 • 1 juv.; Mt. Meron; [32.99° N, 35.41° E]; 9 Apr. 1967; Pener leg.; sub. female; HUJ INV-AR20853 • 1 ♂; Nahal Snir; [33.235° N, 35.676° E]; 9 Jul. 1992; R. Kasher leg.; HUJ INV-AR20854 • 1 ♀; Nahal Tzippori; [32.75° N, 35.19° E]; 30 Apr. 2018; D. Ben Natan leg.; col. juv.; HUJ INV-AR20576 • 1 ♀; same collection data as for preceding; HUJ INV-AR20577 • 1 ♂; same collection data as for preceding; I. Tesler leg.; HUJ INV-AR20821 • 1 ♀; north Yiftah; [33.134° N, 35.548° E]; 9–17 Sep. 2015; E. Gavish-Regev leg.; HUJ INV-AR20633 • 1 juv.; Ramot Naftali; [33.1° N, 35.547° E]; 13 May 2014; sub. female.; HUJ INV-AR20905 • 1 ♀; Safed; [32.966° N, 35.491° E]; 2 Oct. 1967; Blondheim leg.; HUJ INV-AR20574 • 1 ♀; Yavne’el; [32.697° N, 35.5° E]; 1 Aug. 2019; Y. Zvik leg.; col. juv.; HUJ INV-AR20869 • 1 ♂; same collection data as for preceding; HUJ INV-AR20870 • 1 ♂; Yuvalim; [32.877° N, 35.27° E]; 3 Aug. 2018; I. Armiach Steinpress leg.; HUJ INV-AR20785 • 1 ♀; same collection data as for preceding; 30 Apr. 2017; col. juv.; HUJ INV-AR20783 • 1 juv.; same collection data as for preceding; 3 Aug. 2018; HUJ INV-AR20786 • 1 ♂; same collection data as for preceding; 30 Apr. 2017; col. sub.; HUJ INV-AR20784 • 1 ♂; Zar’it; [33.085° N, 35.51° E]; 9–18 Aug. 2014; E. Gavish-Regev leg.; HUJ INV-AR20634 • 1 ♂; same collection data as for preceding; 18 Aug. 2014; HUJ INV-AR20594 • 1 ♂; Zavit cave; [33.038° N, 35.306° E]; 23 Aug. 2018; E. Gavish-Regev leg.; HUJ INV-AR20598. – Golan Heights • 1 ♀; Horvat Susita; [32.777°, 35.663° E]; 26 Jul. 2018; E. Gavish-Regev leg.; HUJ INV-AR20607 • 1 ♀; same collection data as for preceding; HUJ INV-AR20608 • ♀; same collection data as for preceding; col. juv.; HUJ INV-AR20609 • 1 ♀; same collection data as for preceding; col. sub.; HUJ INV-AR20610 • 1 ♀; same collection data as for preceding; col. sub.; HUJ INV-AR20611 • 1 ♀; same collection data as for preceding; col. sub.; HUJ INV-AR20612 • 1 ♀; same collection data as for preceding; col. sub.; HUJ INV-AR20613 • 1 juv.; same collection data as for preceding; sub. female; HUJ INV-AR20614 • 1 ♂; same collection data as for preceding; col. sub.; HUJ INV-AR20615 • 1 ♀; same collection data as for preceding; HUJ INV-AR20664 • 1 ♀; Nahal Yehudiya; [32.926° N, 35.7003° E]; 24 May 2015; B. Shacham leg.; HUJ INV-AR20567 • 1 ♀; same collection data as for preceding; [32.9221° N, 35.678° E]; 3 Jun. 2015; HUJ INV-AR20569 • 1 juv.; Odem Forest; [33.22° N, 35.75° E]; 14 Jun. 1972; P. Amitai leg.; sub. female; HUJ INV-AR20841 • 1 ♀; Qatsrin; [32.988° N, 35.677° E]; 7 Oct. 2018; I. Armiach Steinpress leg.v; HUJ INV-AR20791 • 1 ♀; same collection data as for preceding; HUJ INV-AR20792 • 1 ♀; same collection data as for preceding; HUJ INV-AR20793 • 1 ♀; same collection data as for preceding; HUJ INV-AR20794 • 1 ♀; same collection data as for preceding; HUJ INV-AR20795 • 1 ♀; same collection data as for preceding; HUJ INV-AR20796 • 1 ♀; same collection data as for preceding; with eggsac; HUJ INV-AR20797 • 1 ♀; same collection data as for preceding; HUJ INV-AR20798 • 1 ♀; same collection data as for preceding; HUJ INV-AR20799 • 1 ♀; same collection data as for preceding; HUJ INV-AR20800 • 1 ♀; same collection data as for preceding; HUJ INV-AR20801 • 1 ♀; same collection data as for preceding; HUJ INV-AR20802 • 1 ♀; same collection data as for preceding; HUJ INV-AR20803 • 1 ♀; same collection data as for preceding; with eggsac; HUJ INV-AR20804 • 1 ♀; same collection data as for preceding; HUJ INV-AR20805 • 1 ♀; same collection data as for preceding; with eggsac; HUJ INV-AR20806 • 1 ♀; same collection data as for preceding; with eggsac; HUJ INV-AR20807 • 1 ♀; same collection data as for preceding; with eggsac; HUJ INV-AR20808 • 1 ♀; same collection data as for preceding; with eggsac; HUJ INV-AR20809 • 1 ♀; same collection data as for preceding; with eggsac; HUJ INV-AR20810 • 1 ♂; Waset (Wassit); [33.139° N, 35.733° E]; 19 Jul. 1970; HUJ INV-AR20918. – Hermon • 1 juv.; Hermon; [33.3° N, 35.78° E]; 23 Jun. 2017; N. Givon leg.; HUJ INV-AR20834 • 1 juv.; same collection data as for preceding; [33.28° N, 35.75° E]; 6 Apr. 1967; P. Amitai leg.; sub. female; HUJ INV-AR20847 • 1 ♀; Hermon; [33.29° N, 35.759° E]; 1400 m a.s.l.; 2 Jun. 2017; A. Uzan leg.; col. juv.; HUJ INV-AR20549 • 1 juv.; same collection data as for preceding; [33.28° N, 35.75° E]; 6 Apr. 1971; HUJ INV-AR20949 • 1 juv.; Hermon; [33.3043° N, 35.7882° E]; 2000 m a.s.l.; 9 Sep. 1971; Lebovits leg.; dolina; HUJ INV-AR20832 • 1 juv.; Hermon ( dolina near peak 2072); 23 Jun. 2017; N. Givon leg.; HUJ INV-AR20833 • 1 ♀; Hermon (near upper chairlift station); [33.306° N, 35.784° E]; 9 Jun. 2019; D. David leg.; HUJ INV-AR20583 • 1 ♀; same collection data as for preceding; [33.3061° N, 35.7851° E]; 14 Jul. 2019; EGR, MC; HUJ INV-AR20674 • 1 ♀; same collection data as for preceding; [33.304° N, 35.789° E]; 23 Jun. 2017; I.Armiach Steinpress leg.; HUJ INV-AR20758 • 1 ♀; Nabi Hazuri; [33.251° N, 35.729° E]; 24 Aug. 2018; I. Armiach Steinpress leg.; HUJ INV-AR20772 • 1 ♀; same collection data as for preceding; HUJ INV-AR20773 • 1 ♂; same collection data as for preceding; HUJ INV-AR20774 • 1 ♂; same collection data as for preceding; HUJ INV-AR20775 • 1 ♂; same collection data as for preceding; HUJ INV-AR20776. – Emeq Yizra'el • 1 ♀; Kfar Baruh Reservoir; [32.643° N, 35.218° E]; 16 Sep. 2019; I.Armiach Steinpress leg.; HUJ INV-AR20710 • 1 ♀; same collection data as for preceding; HUJ INV-AR20711 • 1 ♀; same collection data as for preceding; HUJ INV-AR20712 • 1 ♀; same collection data as for preceding; HUJ INV-AR20713 • 1 ♀; same collection data as for preceding; HUJ INV-AR20714 • 1 ♀; same collection data as for preceding; HUJ INV-AR20715 • 1 juv.; same collection data as for preceding; [32.641° N, 35.219° E]; 6 Feb. 2018; HUJ INV-AR20789 • 1 juv.; Sarid; [32.6674° N, 35.229° E]; 22 Jun. 2020; Y. Zvik leg.; sub. female; HUJ INV-AR20962. – Jordan Valley • 1 ♀; Ashdot Ya’akov; [32.66° N, 35.578° E]; 5 Aug. 1972; Zevi leg.; HUJ INV-AR20894 • 1 ♀; same collection data as for preceding; Oct. 1971; with eggsac; HUJ INV-AR20957 • 1 ♂; same collection data as for preceding; HUJ INV-AR20958 • 1 ♀; Ein Sukkot; [32.365° N, 35.547° E]; 11 May 2017; B. Shacham leg.; col. juv.; HUJ INV-AR20557 • 1 ♀; Karei Deshe; [32.862° N, 35.536° E]; 16 Sep. 2013; HUJ INV-AR20910 • 1 ♀; Maoz Haim; [32.4935° N, 35.5517° E]; 30 Jan. 1943; A. Shulov leg.; HUJ INV-AR20534 • 1 ♀; Menahemia; [32.664° N, 35.5538° E]; 22 Sep. 2019; Y. Zvik leg.; HUJ INV-AR20871 • 1 juv.; same collection data as for preceding; 24 May 2017; sub. female; HUJ INV-AR20927 • 1 ♂; Nahal Hagal; [32.631° N, 35.554° E]; 21 Jun. 2015; col. sub.; HUJ INV-AR20921 • 1 ♀; Sde Eliyahu; [32.441° N, 35.514° E]; 23 Jun. 2019; Y. Zvik leg.; col. sub.; HUJ INV-AR20872 • 1 ♀; Southern Jordan Valley; [32.2471° N, 35.5588° E]; 23Apr. 2017; B. Shacham leg.; col. juv.; HUJ INV-AR20564 • 1 juv.;same collection data as for preceding; [32.0446° N, 35.5166° E]; 24 Apr. 2017; HUJ INV-AR20566. – Judea • 1 juv.;`Ayn ad Duyuk (near Jericho); [31.8959° N, 35.4222° E]; 8 Jun. 1978; P. Amitai leg.; sub. female; HUJ INV-AR20848 • 1 ♀; Alon; [31.833° N, 35.352° E]; Jan. 2016; D. Waysman leg.; HUJ INV-AR20585 • 1 ♀; Arad; [31.26° N, 35.21° E]; 9 Dec. 2015; HUJ INV-AR20953 • 1 ♀; Arad Cemetery; [31.273° N, 35.229° E]; 31 Jul. 2018; J. Ballesteros Chaves leg.; HUJ INV-AR20822 • 1 ♀; same collection data as for preceding; HUJ INV-AR20823 • 1 ♀; same collection data as for preceding; HUJ INV-AR20824 • 1 ♀; same collection data as for preceding; HUJ INV-AR20825 • 1 ♀; same collection data as for preceding; HUJ INV-AR20826 • 1 ♂; same collection data as for preceding; HUJ INV-AR20827 • 1 ♂; same collection data as for preceding; HUJ INV-AR20828 • 1 ♂; same collection data as for preceding; HUJ INV-AR20829 • 1 ♂; same collection data as for preceding; HUJ INV-AR20830 • 1 ♀; Beit Guvrin; [31.61° N, 34.9° E]; 4 Apr. 2015; A. Uzan leg.; col. juv.; HUJ INV-AR20552 • 1 ♀; Beit Nir; [31.65° N, 34.868° E]; 31 Jan. 2015; HUJ INV-AR20941 • 1 ♀; Ben Shemen; [31.95° N, 34.92° E]; 21 May 2017; B. Shacham leg.; col. sub.; HUJ INV-AR20563 • 1 juv.; same collection data as for preceding; 18 Jul. 1956; J. Machlis leg.; HUJ INV-AR20831 • 1 juv.; Bet Yatir; [31.357° N, 35.11° E]; 17 Apr. 2018; HUJ INV-AR20911 • 1 ♀; Biq`at Qanna’im; [31.316° N, 35.276° E]; 5 Aug. 2019; Y. Zvik leg.; HUJ INV-AR20880 • 1 ♀; Bor`Atin; [31.3125° N, 35.26° E]; 3 May 2018; Y. Zvik leg.; col. sub.; HUJ INV-AR20878 • 1 ♀; same collection data as for preceding; col. sub.; HUJ INV-AR20879 • 1 juv.; Canada Park; [34.9954° N, 31.8427° E]; 13 Jun. 2018; I.Armiach Steinpress leg.; sub. male; HUJ INV-AR20707 • 1 ♀; Gazelle Valley; [31.759° N, 35.196° E]; 25 May 2018; I. Armiach Steinpress leg.; col. juv.; HUJ INV-AR20777 • 1 ♀; Givat Ram, Jerusalem; [31.777° N, 35.197° E]; 28 Dec. 2014; HUJ INV-AR20936 • 1 ♂; Har Amasa; [31.343° N, 35.103° E]; 17 Apr. 2018; B. Shacham leg.; HUJ INV-AR20562 • 1 juv.; Har Hardon; [31.339° N, 35.191° E]; 8 May 2018; D. Ben-Natan leg.; HUJ INV-AR20580 • 1 ♂; same collection data as for preceding; col. sub.; HUJ INV-AR20581 • 1 juv.; Holyland hotel, Jerusalem; [31.784° N, 35.233° E]; 24 Apr. 1975; faunistics course leg.; HUJ INV-AR20676 • 1 ♀; same collection data as for preceding; 15 Apr. 1980; HUJ INV-AR20909 • 1 ♂; Horkanya valley; [31.719° N, 35.364° E]; 14 Mar. 2016; B. Shacham leg.; col. sub; HUJ INV-AR20560 • 1 ♀; Jerusalem; [31.75° N, 35.2° E]; 30 Sep. 1935; A. Shulov leg.; HUJ INV-AR20537 • 1 ♀; same collection data as for preceding; 1 Mar. 1935; HUJ INV-AR20531 • 1 ♀; same collection data as for preceding; Summer 1938; HUJ INV-AR20547 • 1 ♀; same collection data as for preceding; 23 Oct. 1929; HUJ INV-AR20532 • 1 ♀; same collection data as for preceding; 30 Apr. 1953; HUJ INV-AR20535 • 1 ♀; same collection data as for preceding; 30 Sep. 1937; HUJ INV-AR20538 • 1 ♀; 10 Dec. 1951; with juv.; HUJ INV-AR 20528 • 1 juv.; same collection data as for preceding; [31.76° N, 35.18° E]; 31 Oct. 1953; HUJ INV-AR20540 • 1 juv.; same collection data as for preceding; 5 Jun. 1954; HUJ INV-AR20544 • 1 juv.; same collection data as for preceding; 7 Apr. 1953; HUJ INV-AR20545 • 1 ♀; same collection data as for preceding; [31.75° N, 35.2° E]; 4 Oct. 1958; Golani leg.; HUJ INV-AR20680 • 1 ♀; same collection data as for preceding; 1948; HUJ INV-AR20896 • 1 ♀; same collection data as for preceding; HUJ INV-AR20900 • 1 ♂; same collection data as for preceding; HUJ INV-AR20901 • 1 ♂; Judean Desert (road 3199); [31.314° N, 35.299° E]; 25 Aug. 2017; A. Uzan leg.; HUJ INV-AR20551 • 1 ♀; Kfar Daniel; [31.9342° N, 34.9372° E]; 3 Oct. 2017; B. Shacham leg.; HUJ INV-AR20570 • 1 ♀; Kiryat Anavim; [31.81° N, 35.12° E]; 10 Oct. 1937; A. Shulov leg.; HUJ INV-AR 20527 • 1 ♀; same collection data as for preceding; 1936; HUJ INV-AR 20525 • 1 ♂; same collection data as for preceding; 5 Sep. 1938; HUJ INV-AR20948 • 1 ♀; Kiryat Shmuel, Jerusalem; [31.769° N, 35.211° E]; 28 Oct. 1940; with eggsac; HUJ INV-AR20935 • 1 juv.; Ma’ale Adumim; [31.77° N, 35.3° E]; 3 May 1977; Broza leg.; HUJ INV-AR20575 • 1 juv.; same collection data as for preceding; 9 Jun. 1974; Tsabar leg.; sub. female; HUJ INV-AR20864 • 1 juv.; same collection data as for preceding; sub. male; HUJ INV-AR20865 • 1 ♀; same collection data as for preceding; 19 Aug. 1973; HUJ INV-AR20916 • 1 ♀; same collection data as for preceding; 25 Oct. 1972; HUJ INV-AR20931 • 1 juv.; same collection data as for preceding; Mar. 2018; sub. male, col. juv.; HUJ INV-AR20954 • 1 ♀; Maon ridge; [31.41° N, 35.17° E]; 23 May 2017; B. Shacham leg.; col. sub.; HUJ INV-AR20565 • 1 juv.; Mar Saba; [31.705° N, 35.331° E]; 7 Jul. 1967; A. Shulov leg.; sub. male; HUJ INV-AR20546 • 1 ♂; same collection data as for preceding; HUJ INV-AR20951 • 1 juv.; Matsleva cave; [31.772° N, 35.206° E]; 1 Aug. 2018; HUJ INV-AR20919 • 1 ♀; Modi’in; [31.89° N, 34.978° E]; 10 Oct. 2012; E. Gavish-Regev leg.; HUJ INV-AR20587 • 1 ♂; same collection data as for preceding; [31.9° N, 34.98° E]; 20 Aug. 2013; HUJ INV-AR20595 • 1 ♂; same collection data as for preceding; HUJ INV-AR20596 • 1 ♀; same collection data as for preceding; [31.89° N, 34.978° E]; 11–20 Apr. 2012; I. Bernstein leg.; HUJ INV-AR20967 • 1 juv.; same collection data as for preceding; [31.9° N, 34.96° E]; Apr. 2012; HUJ INV-AR20814 • 1 ♂; Modi’in (near Pa’ate Modi’in train station); [31.897° N, 34.964° E]; 20 Aug. 2013; E. Gavish-Regev leg.; HUJ INV-AR20597 • 1 ♀; Negohot; [31.493° N, 34.983° E]; 2 Jun. 2019; B. Shacham; leg. col. juv.; HUJ INV-AR20568 • 1 juv.; Ramat Rachel; [31.74° N, 35.22° E]; 29 Apr. 1980; faunistics course leg.; HUJ INV-AR20677 • 1 juv.; South Hebron Mountains; [31.5° N, 35.04° E]; 14 May 2018; B. Shacham leg.; sub. female, col. juv.; HUJ INV-AR20561 • 1 ♀; Valley of the Cross; [31.772° N, 35.206° E]; 15 Oct. 2012; E. Gavish-Regev leg.; HUJ INV-AR20593 • 1 ♀; same collection data as for preceding; 15 Oct. 2018; I. Armiach Steinpress leg.; HUJ INV-AR20708. – Karmel • 1 ♂; Isfiya; [32.72° N, 35.06° E]; 26Aug. 1971; HUJ INV-AR20933 • 1 juv.; Mt. Carmel; [32.56° N, 34.95° E]; 15 Jul. 1955; P. Amitai leg.; HUJ INV-AR20842 • 1 ♀; Ramat Hanadiv; [32.72° N, 35.06° E]; 5 Oct. 2012; E. Gavish-Regev and R. Raven leg.; HUJ INV-AR20669 • 1 ♀; same collection data as for preceding; HUJ INV-AR20670 • 1 ♀; same collection data as for preceding; HUJ INV-AR20671 • 1 ♀; same collection data as for preceding; with eggsac; HUJ INV-AR20672 • 1 ♀; same collection data as for preceding; with eggsac; HUJ INV-AR20673 • 1 ♀; same collection data as for preceding; 5–6 Oct. 2012; with eggsac; TAUZMar50544 • 1 ♀; same collection data as for preceding; [32.552° N, 34.944° E]; 14 Dec. 2017; with eggsac; HUJ INV-AR20906 • 1 juv.; same collection data as for preceding; hatched in capt.; HUJ INV-AR20907 • 1 juv.; same collection data as for preceding; hatched in capt.; HUJ INV-AR20908 • 1 ♀; Zikhron Ya’akov; [32.57° N, 34.95° E]; 4 Dec. 1937; A. Shulov leg.; HUJ INV-AR20541 • 1 ♀; same collection data as for preceding; HUJ INV-AR20542. – Negev • 1 juv.; Arad; [31.269° N, 35.208° E]; 30 May 1968; A. Shulov leg.; HUJ INV-AR20539 • 1 ♀; same collection data as for preceding; [31.256° N, 35.218° E]; 15 Mar. 2018; D. David leg.; HUJ INV-AR20582 • 1 juv.; same collection data as for preceding; [31.26° N, 35.2° E]; 15 Jun. 1969; faunistics course leg.; HUJ INV-AR20675 • 1 juv.; same collection data as for preceding; [31.269° N, 35.208° E]; 30 May 1968; HUJ INV-AR20678 • 1 ♀; same collection data as for preceding; [31.256° N, 35.218° E]; 15 Mar. 2018; I. Tesler leg.; col. juv.; HUJ INV-AR20820 • 1 juv.; same collection data as for preceding; [31.269° N, 35.208° E]; 20 Dec. 1962; P. Amitai leg.; HUJ INV-AR20845 • 1 ♀; same collection data as for preceding; [31.26° N, 35.21° E]; 23 Oct. 1968; Tsabar leg.; with juv.; HUJ INV-AR20863 • 1 ♀; same collection data as for preceding; 24Aug. 1964; HUJ INV-AR20928 • ♀; same collection data as for preceding; HUJ INV-AR20929 • 1 ♀; Ariel Sharon Camp; [31.053° N, 34.837° E]; 5 Aug. 2018; E. Gavish-Regev leg.; HUJ INV-AR20628 • 1 ♂; same collection data as for preceding; HUJ INV-AR20629 • 1 ♀; same collection data as for preceding; 9 Jan. 2018; I. Armiach Steinpress leg.; HUJ INV-AR20811 • 1 ♂; same collection data as for preceding; col. sub.; HUJ INV-AR20812 • 1 juv.; Avdat; [30.79° N, 34.77° E]; 30 Apr. 1957; Pener leg.; HUJ INV-AR20852 • 1 ♀; same collection data as for preceding; [30.794° N, 34.772° E]; 4 Jul. 2016; col. sub.; HUJ INV-AR20946 • 1 ♀; Be’er Mash’abim; [31.015° N, 34.76° E]; 15 Jan. 1946; A. Shulov leg.; HUJ INV-AR20529 • 1 juv.; same collection data as for preceding; 26 Dec. 1956; Pener leg.; HUJ INV-AR20849 • 1 ♀; Be’er Milka; [30.935° N, 34.408° E]; 4 Aug. 2018; E. Gavish-Regev leg.; HUJ INV-AR20667 • 1 ♀; same collection data as for preceding; HUJ INV-AR20668 • 1 juv.; same collection data as for preceding; 26 Jun. 2017; INV-AR20932 • 1 ♀; same collection data as for preceding; 4 Aug. 2018; with juv.; HUJ INV-AR20947 • 1 ♀; Be’er Sheva; [31.271° N, 34.817° E]; 15 Nov. 2017; I.Armiach Steinpress leg.; with juv.; HUJ INV-AR20709 • 1 juv.; Brosh; [31.37° N, 34.63° E]; 29 Jun. 1967; Pener leg.; HUJ INV-AR20851 • 1 ♀; Dimona ridge; [31.08746° N, 35.04686° E]; 31 Apr. 2019; E. Gavish-Regev leg.; col. juv.; HUJ INV-AR20624 • 1 ♀; Ezuz; [34.46041° N, 30.78654° E]; 21 Jan. 2020; D. Ben-Natan leg.; with juv.; HUJ INV-AR20578 • 1 ♂; Giv’ot Bar; [31.358° N, 34.753° E]; 10 Apr. 2018; co. sub. died molting; HUJ INV-AR20902 • 1 ♀; same collection data as for preceding; 8 May 2018; co. sub. died molting; HUJ INV-AR20952 • 1 ♀; Gvaot Goral; [31.34° N, 34.83° E]; 4 Apr. 2018; B. Shacham leg.; col. juv.; HUJ INV-AR20571 • 1 ♀; Ha-Ro’a Campsite; [30.876° N, 34.784° E]; 5 Aug. 2018; E. Gavish-Regev leg.; HUJ INV-AR20627 • 1 ♀; same collection data as for preceding; HUJ INV-AR20630 • 1 juv.; same collection data as for preceding; 11 Jun. 2018; HUJ INV-AR20649 • 1 ♀; same collection data as for preceding;col. sub.; HUJ INV-AR20650 • 1 ♂; same collection data as for preceding; col. sub.; HUJ INV-AR20652 • 1 ♀; Haluqim ridge (near Midreshet Ben-Gurion); [30.854° N, 34.768° E]; 22 Oct. 2018; I. Armiach Steinpress leg.; col. juv.; HUJ INV-AR20752 • 1 ♀; same collection data as for preceding; col. juv.; HUJ INV-AR20753 • 1 ♂; same collection data as for preceding; col. juv.; HUJ INV-AR20754 • 1 juv.; Har Karkom; [30.28° N, 34.74° E]; 7 Oct. 2017; E. Gavish-Regev leg.; HUJ INV-AR20632 • 1 ♀; Hawat Even Ari; [30.786° N, 34.77° E]; 11 Jun. 2018; E. Gavish-Regev leg.; col. sub.; HUJ INV-AR20651 • 1 juv.; Hirbet Rimon; [31.3712° N, 34.8646° E]; 24 Mar. 2018; HUJ INV-AR20925 • 1 ♀; Holot`Agur; [30.93° N, 34.408° E]; 17 Sep. 2017; HUJ INV-AR20912 • 1 juv.; Irus HaNegev; [31.0854° N, 34.6809° E]; 3 Mar. 2018; HUJ INV-AR20944 • 1 juv.;same collection data as for preceding; HUJ INV-AR20945 • 1 ♀; Lehavim; [31.37° N, 34.82° E]; 28 Jun. 2017; E. Gavish-Regev leg.; col. sub; HUJ INV-AR20666 • 1 ♀; Lipa Gal lookout; [30.822° N, 34.741° E]; 21 Mar. 2018; D. Ben-Natan leg.; col. sub.; HUJ INV-AR20579 • 1 ♀; Mamshit; [31.03° N, 35.06° E]; 24 Mar. 1954; A. Shulov leg.; HUJ INV-AR20533 • 1 juv.; Mamshit; [31.03° N, 35.06° E]; 11 Apr. 2018; A. Uzan leg.; HUJ INV-AR20550 • 1 ♀; Mash’abim dunes; [31.015° N, 34.76° E]; 23 Feb. 2020; I. Magalhaes leg.; HUJ INV-AR20816 • 1 ♂; same collection data as for preceding; [31.002° N, 34.74° E]; Aug. 2020; col. sub.; HUJ INV-AR20956 • 1 juv.; Merhav Am (near Har Qatum); [30.8543° N, 34.7688° E]; 29 Jun. 2020; sub. male; HUJ INV-AR20938 • 1 ♂; Midreshet Ben-Gurion; [30.85° N, 34.78° E]; 26 Jul. 2017; E. Gavish-Regev leg.; HUJ INV-AR20606 • 1 ♂; same collection data as for preceding; Apr. 2013; col. juv.; HUJ INV-AR20636 • 1 juv.; same collection data as for preceding; Mar. 2013; sub. female; HUJ INV-AR20635 • 1 ♀; same collection data as for preceding; [30.874° N, 34.79° E]; 21 Jul. 2018; HUJ INV-AR20963 • 1 ♂; same collection data as for preceding; HUJ INV-AR20964 • 1 ♀; same collection data as for preceding; 17 May 2016; col. sub.; HUJ INV-AR20660 • 1 juv.; same collection data as for preceding; [30.8543° N, 34.7688° E]; 22 Oct. 2018; I. Armiach Steinpress leg.; HUJ INV-AR20751 • 1 juv.; same collection data as for preceding; sub. female; HUJ INV-AR20756 • 1 ♂; Mitzpe Ramon; [30.6632° N, 34.8157° E]; 13 Jun. 2019; B. Shacham leg.; col. sub.; HUJ INV-AR20559 • 1 ♀; same collection data as for preceding; [30.6128° N, 34.8039° E]; 25 Jun. 2015; with eggsac; HUJ INV-AR20930 • 1 ♀; Nahal Dumiya, Arad; [31.256° N, 35.219° E]; 4 Apr. 2019; E. Gavish-Regev leg.; col. juv.; HUJ INV-AR20626 • 1 ♀; Nahal Gmalim; [31.088° N, 35.225° E]; 24 Sep. 2019; A. Uzan leg.; HUJ INV-AR20555 • 1 ♀; same collection data as for preceding; 12 Sep. 2018; B. Shacham leg.; col. juv.; HUJ INV-AR20558 • 1 ♀; same collection data as for preceding; E. Gavish-Regev leg.; with eggsac; HUJ INV-AR20656 • 1 ♀; same collection data as for preceding; with eggsac; HUJ INV-AR20657 • 1 ♀; same collection data as for preceding; 11 Mar. 2018; col. juv.; HUJ INV-AR20637 • 1 juv.; same collection data as for preceding; 11 Apr. 2018; HUJ INV-AR20638 • 1 juv.; same collection data as for preceding; HUJ INV-AR20639 • 1 juv.; same collection data as for preceding; HUJ INV-AR20640 • 1 juv.; same collection data as for preceding; HUJ INV-AR20641 • 1 juv.; same collection data as for preceding; HUJ INV-AR20642 • 1 juv.; same collection data as for preceding; HUJ INV-AR20643 • 1 juv.; same collection data as for preceding; HUJ INV-AR20644 • 1 ♂; same collection data as for preceding; col. juv.; HUJ INV-AR20645 • 1 ♂; same collection data as for preceding; col. sub.; HUJ INV-AR20647 • 1 ♀; same collection data as for preceding; I. Armiach Steinpress leg.; col. juv.; HUJ INV-AR20681 • 1 ♂; same collection data as for preceding; 12 Dec. 2019; col. juv.; HUJ INV-AR20706 • 1 ♀; same collection data as for preceding; 28 Apr. 2019; col. juv.; HUJ INV-AR20778 • 1 ♀; same collection data as for preceding; 24 Sep. 2019; S. Aharon leg.; HUJ INV-AR20857 • 1 ♀; same collection data as for preceding; HUJ INV-AR20858 • 1 ♀; Nahal Hamarmar; [31.087° N, 35.234° E]; 11 Apr. 2018; E. Gavish-Regev leg.; col. juv.; HUJ INV-AR20646 • 1 ♀; same collection data as for preceding;col. juv.; HUJ INV-AR20648 • 1 ♀; same collection data as for preceding; I. Armiach Steinpress leg.; col. juv.; HUJ INV-AR20682 • 1 ♂; Nahal Nafha; [30.733° N, 34.824° E]; 30 Apr. 1959; A. Shulov leg.; HUJ INV-AR20536 • 1 ♀; Nahal Revivim; [31.044° N, 34.717° E]; 28 Jun. 2018; col. sub.; HUJ INV-AR20934 • 1 ♀; Nahal Tavia; [31.256° N, 35.218° E]; 15 Mar. 2018; E. Gavish-Regev leg.; HUJ INV-AR20659 • 1 ♀; Nitzana; [30.887° N, 34.423° E]; 29 Aug.; HUJ INV-AR20939 • 1 juv.; 30 May 1957; HUJ INV-AR20940 • 1 juv.; Park Yeruham; [30.985° N, 34.9° E]; 6 Apr. 2018; Y. Zvik leg.; HUJ INV-AR20881 • 1 juv.; Reches Boker (Boker ridge), near road 40; [30.9502° N, 34.7792° E]; 3 Jan. 2020; E. Gavish-Regev leg.; HUJ INV-AR20625 • 1 juv.; Sand Dunes 15 km S of Be’er Sheva; [31.114° N, 34.815° E]; 29 May 1980; Pener leg.; HUJ INV-AR20850 • 1 ♀; Sede Zin; [30.854° N, 34.773° E]; 1 Aug. 2016; I. Steves leg.; HUJ INV-AR20819 • 1 juv.; Shivta camp; [30.9245° N, 34.6244° E]; 22 Oct. 2018; I. Armiach Steinpress leg.; HUJ INV-AR20755 • 1 ♀; upper Nahal Ashalim; [31.079° N, 35.225° E]; 11 Apr. 2018; Alon leg.; col. juv.; HUJ INV-AR20554 • 1 juv.; same collection data as for preceding; 12 Apr. 2018; E. Gavish-Regev leg.; HUJ INV-AR20653 • 1 juv.; same collection data as for preceding; HUJ INV-AR20654 • 1 ♀; same collection data as for preceding; HUJ INV-AR20655 • 1 ♂; same collection data as for preceding; [31.088° N, 35.225° E]; 12 Sep. 2018; I. Armiach Steinpress leg.; col. juv.; HUJ INV-AR20684 • 1 ♂; same collection data as for preceding; [31.079° N, 35.225° E]; S. Aharon leg.; col. juv.; HUJ INV-AR20856 • 1 ♀; West of Netivot; [31.414° N, 34.557° E]; 17 Sep. 2019; I. Armiach Steinpress leg.; HUJ INV-AR20717 • 1 ♀; same collection data as for preceding; HUJ INV-AR20718 • ♀; same collection data as for preceding; HUJ INV-AR20719 • 1 ♀; same collection data as for preceding; HUJ INV-AR20720 • 1 ♀; same collection data as for preceding; HUJ INV-AR20721 • 1 ♀; same collection data as for preceding; HUJ INV-AR20722 • 1 ♀; same collection data as for preceding; HUJ INV-AR20723 • 1 ♀; same collection data as for preceding; HUJ INV-AR20724 • 1 ♀; same collection data as for preceding; HUJ INV-AR20725 • 1 ♀; same collection data as for preceding; HUJ INV-AR20726 • 1 ♂; same collection data as for preceding; HUJ INV-AR20727 • 1 ♂; same collection data as for preceding; HUJ INV-AR20728 • 1 ♂; same collection data as for preceding; HUJ INV-AR20729 • 1 juv.; Yeruham; [30.985° N, 34.9° E]; 5 Jun. 1954; A. Shulov leg.; HUJ INV-AR20543 • 1 ♀; same collection data as for preceding; [30.985° N, 34.904° E]; 10 Apr. 2019; E. Gavish-Regev leg.; HUJ INV-AR20586 • 1 juv.; same collection data as for preceding; 17 Apr. 1967; P. Amitai leg.; HUJ INV-AR20843 • 1 juv.; same collection data as for preceding; HUJ INV-AR20844 • 1 ♂; same collection data as for preceding; [30.985° N, 34.9° E]; 2 Jun. 2017; Y. Zvik leg.; col. juv.; HUJ INV-AR20876 • 1 ♀; same collection data as for preceding; [30.985° N, 34.904° E]; 28 May 2017; col. sub.; HUJ INV-AR20873 • 1 juv.; Yeruham Park (near ruins); [30.985° N, 34.899° E]; 30 Mar. 2017; Y. Zvik leg.; HUJ INV-AR20877. – Samaria • 1 ♀; Ari’el; [32.103° N, 35.173° E]; 20 Jan. 2015; HUJ INV-AR20920 • 1 ♀; same collection data as for preceding; Oct. 2014; with eggsac; HUJ INV-AR20959 • 1 ♀; Barkan; [32.108° N, 35.105° E]; 28 Nov. 2011; Z.Ganem leg.; HUJ INV-AR20891 • 1 juv.; Ein Dor; [32.655° N, 35.416° E]; 3 May 2018; HUJ INV-AR20945 • 1 ♀; Gilboa; [32.51° N, 35.41° E]; 22 Sep. 1976; HUJ INV-AR20922 • 1 ♀; Hemdat, Umm Zoka; [N32.25°, E35.525°]; 14 Mar. 2018; A. Schmida leg.; HUJ INV-AR 20524 • 1 ♀; Ibthan; [32.369° N, 35.048° E]; 26 Mar. 2018; Z.Ganem leg.; HUJ INV-AR20890 • 1 ♀; same collection data as for preceding; 12 Oct. 2019; HUJ INV-AR20883 • 1 ♀; same collection data as for preceding; 30 Aug. 2019; HUJ INV-AR20893 • 1 ♀; same collection data as for preceding; 2 Dec. 2017; with eggsac; HUJ INV-AR20892 • 1 ♀; same collection data as for preceding; 12 Oct. 2019; with eggsac (hatched 28 Oct. 2019); HUJ INV-AR20884 • 1 ♀; same collection data as for preceding; 23 Dec. 2017; with juv.; HUJ INV-AR20889 • 1 ♂; same collection data as for preceding; 12 Aug. 2018; HUJ INV-AR20882 • 1 ♀; same collection data as for preceding; 14 Jul. 2018; col. sub.; HUJ INV-AR20885 • 1 ♀; same collection data as for preceding; 18 Jul. 2019; col. sub.; HUJ INV-AR20886 • 1 ♂; same collection data as for preceding; col. sub.; HUJ INV-AR20887 • 1 juv.; Jatt; [32.397° N, 35.036° E]; 19 May 2018; Z.Ganem leg.; col. sub.; HUJ INV-AR20888 • 1 juv.; Lower Nahal Yitspor; [32.495° N, 35.433° E]; 24 Jun. 2019; E. Gavish-Regev leg.; HUJ INV-AR620599 • 1 ♀; same collection data as for preceding; [32.49578° N, 35.43363° E]; col. juv.; HUJ INV-AR20600 • 1 ♀; same collection data as for preceding; [32.4945° N, 35.4336° E]; col. juv.; HUJ INV-AR20601 • 1 ♀; same collection data as for preceding; [32.49521° N, 35.43121° E]; col. juv.; HUJ INV-AR20602 • 1 ♂; same collection data as for preceding; [32.49495° N, 35.43307° E]; col. juv.; HUJ INV-AR20603 • 1 ♂; same collection data as for preceding; [32.49494° N, 35.43307° E]; col. juv.; HUJ INV-AR20604 • 1 ♂; same collection data as for preceding; [32.495° N, 35.433° E]; col. sub.; HUJ INV-AR20605 • 1 ♂; Megiddo; [32.578° N, 35.179° E]; 27 Jul. 1959; P. Amitai leg.; HUJ INV-AR20846 • 1 ♀; Mehola; [32.364° N, 35.515° E]; 6 Oct. 2020; Y. Zvik leg.; HUJ INV-AR20965 • 1 ♀; same collection data as for preceding; HUJ INV-AR20966 • 1 ♂; same collection data as for preceding; [32.36318° N, 35.507° E]; 10 Jun. 2018; col. juv.; HUJ INV-AR20866 • 1 juv.; same collection data as for preceding; [32.364° N, 35.515° E]; 10 Oct. 2018; sub. female, col. juv.; HUJ INV-AR20867 • 1 ♀; Mehora; [32.164° N, 35.423° E]; 12 May 2018; I. Ihia leg.; col. sub.; HUJ INV-AR20815 • 1 juv.; Wadi Al-Far’a; [32.27° N, 35.35° E]; 12 May 1972; Tsabar leg.; HUJ INV-AR20859.

JORDAN • 1 ♀; Jerash; [32.28° N, 35.89° E]; 17 Nov. 1945; HUJ INV-AR20914 • 1 ♀; same collection data as for preceding; with juv.; HUJ INV-AR20915.

LEBANON • 1 ♀; Lebanon; “???”; Kulchinsky leg.; SMFD11934, jar 834 .

Description

Male

VARIATION IN MALES (n = 54). ALE diameter: 0.3–0.39; AME diameter: 0.25–0.45; PLE diameter: 0.67– 0.73; PME diameter: 084–1.19; carapace length: 6.6–11.71; carapace width: 5–8.96; carapace maximum height: 2.5–3.19; abdomen length: 5.2–9.18; leg I (Fe, Pa, Ti, Mt, Tr): 5.56–9.07, 2.8–4.56, 5.3–7.91, 5.65-8.85, 2.95–4.38; leg II: 5.4–8.94, 2.8–4.39, 5–7.53, 5.36–8.96, 3.23–4.22; leg III: 5.42–7.78, 2.27– 3.56, 4.4–6.6, 5.34–8.81, 2.99–4.13; leg IV: 6.79–9.83, 2.73–4.19, 5.88–8.77, 8.19–12.56, 4.99–4.79.

CARAPACE. Low, gently sloping posteriorly. Ocular area <⅓ length of carapace.

COLOR. Carapace light brown, with dark brown median bands, connecting to dark ocular area. Perimeter dark brown. Sternum black. Chelicerae reddish-brown. Abdomen yellow infused with light brown dorsad, cardiac mark brown. Abdomen venter with black patch, orange on margins. Spinnerets brown. Legs light brown, greyish ventrad, to dark brown distad, with two black bands on tibiae. Coxae and trochanters black. Pedipalps light brown (Figs 6D, 7D, 16–17).

COLOR VARIATION IN MALES (n =52). Coloration varies greatly. General coloration may be sand-yellow (almost as light as Lycosa hyraculus sp. nov.), grey, light brown, reddish-brown and dark brown (Fig. 17). The lighter specimens usually found in arid environments. Black patch on abdomen may be covering the whole ventral side, a part of it (this is the most common condition) or, in rare cases, be altogether absent.

GENITALIA. Cymbium reddish-brown, asymmetrical. Tegular apophysis (TA) lying flat on bulb, oriented retrolaterally. TAT highly sclerotized, dark brown, bent posteriorly at ~90°. Crest of TA with unevenly serrated edge, tapering towards TAT. Tip of conductor membranous, triangular, with smooth edges. Synembolus with an indistinct, unsclerotized retrolateral edge (Figs 2D, 3D, 4D, 5D, 6D, 7D, 12D, 13).

LEGS. Metatarsus I ventral spination: 2 pairs + apical pair. Tibia I ventral spination: 2 pairs + apical pair. Tarsus and metatarsus with scopula.

Female

FEMALE PARATYPE (MNHN 1266) MEASUREMENTS. ALE diameter: 0.4; AME diameter: 0.5; PLE diameter: 0.95; PME diameter: 1.2; carapace length: 11.7; carapace width: 8.9; carapace maximum height: 3.6; abdomen length: 10; leg I (Fe, Pa, Ti, Mt, Tr): 8.2, 4.8, 6.6, 6.8, 3.8; leg II: 7.8, 4.2, 6.4, 6.5, 3.7; leg III: 7, 3.8, 5.7, 7.5, 3.6; leg IV: 9.5, 4.3, 7.9, 11, 4.3.

VARIATION IN FEMALES (n = 172). ALE diameter: 0.32–0.44; AME diameter: 0.32–0.53; PLE diameter: 0.68–1.05; PME diameter: 0.82–1.3; carapace length: 6.26–14.29; carapace width: 4.61–10.89; carapace maximum height: 2.37–4.08; abdomen length: 7.51–11.73; leg I (Fe, Pa, Ti, Mt, Tr): 4.99–9.44, 2.61–5, 3.91–7.93, 3.58–7.79, 2.13–3.91; leg II: 4.88–8.85, 2.2–4.9, 4.07–7.14, 3.9–7.49, 2.21–3.94; leg III: 4.43–8.48, 2.17–4.19, 3.68–6.6, 4.06–8.26, 2.24–3.63; leg IV: 5.87–x, 2.53–4.8, 4.8–8.9, 6.41–12.26, 2.82–4.54.

CARAPACE. As in male.

COLOR. As in male (Figs 6G, 7G, 14, 16–17).

GENITALIA. Epigyne: oval, longer than wide, anterior tip pinched, merging with background. Septal pedicel reduced. Septum less than ½ epigyne length, subtriangular, as long as wide, slightly constricted posteriorly, tips rounded. Atria reduced to slits, slightly widening posteriorly. Copulatory openings narrow, at anterior end of septum. Two low, parallel ridges anterior to copulatory openings. Vulva: distal part of spermathecae narrow, oriented dorso-ventrally (parallel). Head of spermatheca elongated, conical, not much wider than spermatheca, oriented vendtrad, positioned anteriorly to copulatory opening (Figs 6G, 7G, 9C–L, 10C–L, 11E–F).

VARIATION IN FEMALE GENITALIA (n = 241). Epigyne: proportions vary greatly! General shape of epigyne oval to pentagonal; as long as wide to much longer than wide; sometimes asymmetrical in relation to septum. Septum triangular to trapezoidal, almost rectangular, wider than long to longer than wide. Copulatory openings, usually reduced to slits, but rarely a little wider. Wide copulatory openings sometimes appear in laboratory-raised specimens (not found in the wild, Fig. 27). Anterior edges of atria aligned or prolaterally slanting, wider or narrower than septal pedicel. Ridges anterior to copulatory openings sometimes accentuated with dark color. Vulva: head of spermatheca often with protrusions (‘warts’) in random places. Distal part of spermatheca sometimes slightly undulating (Figs 9–10).

LEGS. As in male.

Natural history

The species is mostly nocturnal, but diurnal activity in winter is suspected. Females were collected throughout the year. Females carrying eggs or juveniles were collected September through January, with a single specimen from June. 79% of adult females (167 specimens) were collected July–October. Males were collected in April, July–October and December. 86% of the males (45 specimens) were collected in July–September. Subadult females were collected in March–July and October. Subadult males were collected in January and March–August. Juveniles were collected throughout the year (Table 4). Twenty seven of the specimens kept in the laboratory lived for more than a year. Specimen HUJ INV-AR20813 was collected as a young juvenile, lived for 26 months and moulted ten times, before dying as a subadult (Fig. 26). Lycosa piochardi is found in a wide range of climates: dry summer continental climate, Mediterranean, steppe, arid desert and hyperarid desert, spanning altitudes of 380 m b.s.l. to 2400 m a.s.l., and average precipitations of 21 mm to 1150 mm. It is most commonly found in low scrub, grasslands and habitats with bare ground. Lycosa piochardi is abundant in natural and agricultural areas, but is very uncommon in urban environments. The burrow is built in open ground, in a great variety of soil types: from stabilized sand to alluvial clay soils and rocky regosols. The burrow opening is usually modified, with a short turret, made of vegetation held together with silk. Yet, it is not rare to find turretless entrances. Some turrets are found sealed with silk in autumn. One burrow (specimen HUJ INV-AR20912) found in a sandy substrate had a full silk lining. In rare cases L. piochardi is found in a retreat under a stone. Lycosa piochardi is a generalist predator, feeding on a wide variety of prey species. Captive specimens readily accept crickets, cockroaches, honeybees, flies, butterflies, pholcid spiders and other soft-bodied arthropods (personal observation). Beetles and bugs were usually rejected, yet wild specimens were observed feeding on Pyrrhocoris apterus (Linnaeus, 1758) (Figs 16–17, 21C–D, 22C–D, 25–26).

Distribution

EGYPT, IRAN, ISRAEL, LEBANON, PALESTINE, SYRIA, TURKEY.

Records

EGYPT: Sinai (Al-Qusaymah (Kadesh Barnea), Mt. Catherine). ISRAEL and PALESTINE: Coastal Plain (Akko, Ashdod, Be’eri, Gaza, Hadera, Hatsor, Herzlia, Holon, Kfar Bialik, Lod, Nitzanim, Ramat-Gan, Rehovot, Rishon LeTsiyon, Savyon, Talmei Menashe, Tel Aviv, Tira), Dead Sea Area (Ein Feshkha, Hawat Einot Kedem, Jericho), Galilee (Adamit, Ahihud forest, Biq`at Qedesh, Dishon, Eilon, Her Eliezer, Kfar HaHoresh, Kfar Kisch, Moreshet, Mt. Meron, Nahal Tzippori, Ramot Naftali, Snir, Yavne’el, Yiftah, Yuvalim, Zar’it, Zavit cave), Golan Heights (Horvat Susita, Nahal Yehudiya, Odem forest, Qatsrin, Waset), Hermon (Givon, Nabi Hazuri, upper chairlift station), Emeq Yizra'el (Kfar Baruh, Sarid), Jordan Valley (Ashdot Ya’akov, Ein Sukkot, Karei Deshe, Maoz Haim, Menahemia, Nahal Hagal, Sde Eliyahu, Southern Jordan Valley), Judea (`Ayn ad Duyuk, Alon, Arad, Beit Guvrin, Beit Nir, Ben Shemen, Bet Yatir, Biq`at Qanna’im, Bor`Atin, Canada Park, Har Amasa, Har Hardon, Horkanya valley, Jerusalem, Kfar Daniel, Kiryat Anavim, Kiryat Shmuel, Ma’ale Adumim, Maon ridge, Mar Saba, Modi’in, Negohot, Ramat Rachel, South Hebron Mountains), Karmel (Isfiya, Ramat Hanadiv, Zikhron Ya’akov), Negev (Ariel Sharon camp, Avdat, Be’er Mash’abim, Be’er Milka, Be’er Sheva, Brosh, Dimona ridge, Ezuz, Giv’ot Bar, Gvaot Goral, Haluqim ridge, Har Karkom, Hirbet Rimon, Holot ‘Agur, Irus HaNegev, Lehavim, Lipa Gal lookout, Mamshit, Merhav Am, Midreshet Ben-Gurion, Mitzpe Ramon, Nahal Gmalim, Nahal Hamarmar, Nahal Ashalim, Nahal Nafha, Nahal Revivim, Netivot, Nitzana, Yeruham, Shivta camp), Samaria (Ari’el, Barkan, Ein Dor, Gilboa, Hemdat, Ibthan, Jatt, Megiddo, Mehola, Mehora, Wadi Al-Far’a). JORDAN: Jerash. SYRIA (Fig. 1)

Relationships

According to our molecular phylogeny, this species is closely related to Lycosa baulnyi (Figs 23–24).

Notes

We could not locate the holotype of Lycosa piochardi Simon, 1876, either in its original repository in the MNHN or in other collections. For the identification we used a paratype (MNHN 1266, Fig. 18) that was collected with the holotype and identified by Simon.

We examined the holotype of Lycosa piochardi infraclara Strand, 1915 (SMFD2184). We synonymize it with L. piochardi, as its morphology (Figs 9F, 10F) falls within the normal range of L. piochardi morphology and is described from the typical area of distribution for this species.

We could not locate the holotype of Allocosa olivieri (Simon, 1876), but judging from the locality (the Jordan Valley) and the shape of the epigyne in the illustration (Simon 1876: pl. 3 fig. 10), it should probably be synonymized with L. piochardi .

A male specimen (BMNH 742) collected by Koch in Sardarapat (Armenia) was originally identified as L. piochardi . Our examination shows it to be L. praegrandis, with a characteristic semicircular conductor, rather than a triangular one.

Lycosa piochardi was recently recorded by Zamani et al. (2021) from Iran. The epigynes and spermathecae presented in the paper (Zamani et al. 2021: fig. 8) bear great resemblance to the material examined by us. However, the Iranian specimens differ by having stouter spermathecae with bulbous heads (unlike the elongated heads in our material). A molecular phylogeny may help to decide whether the specimens are indeed L. piochardi, or represent a closely related, but separate species.