Cavariella (Cavariellinepicauda) sapporoensis Takahashi, 1961

Figs 29, 30, 31, 37B-D

Cavariella sapporoensis Takahashi, 1961: 9.

Types examined.

Holotype and paratypes of Cavariella largispiracula Zhang, Chen, Zhong & Li, 1999: two ap. viv. fems., China: Gansu (Yuzhong County), 1.VIII.1986, No. 8587-1-2, on Apiaceae, coll. G.X. Zhang, J.H. Li and T.S. Zhong; seventeen apterous oviparous females, Gansu (Minxian County), 22.X.1986, No. 8785-1-1, on Salix, coll. G.X. Zhang and T. S. Zhong (Zhang et al. 1999).

Other specimens examined.

Two ala. viv. fems., Beijing, 15.VIII.2017, No. 42056-1-1, on Apiaceae, coll. H. Long ; one ap. viv. fem. and one ala. viv. fem. (slides), one ap. viv. fem. (COI: OP956131), Jilin, 8.VIII.2017, No. 41184-1-1, on Apiaceae, coll. H. Long and T.Y. Liu ; one ap. viv. fem. and one ala. viv. fem. (slides), one ap. viv. fem. (COI: OP956141), Beijing, 24.VI.2019, No. 45522-1-1, on Apiaceae, coll. H. Long ; one ap. viv. fem. and one ala. viv. fem., Beijing, 15.VIII.2017, No. 42057-1-1, on Apiaceae, coll. H. Long ; one ap. viv. fem. (slide) and one ap. viv. fem. (COI: OP956140), Beijing, 24.VI.2019, No. 45517-1-1, on Apiaceae, coll. H. Long ; one ap. viv. fem. (slide) and one ap. viv. fem. (COI: OP956133), Beijing, 15.VIII.2017, No. 42064-1-1, on Apiaceae, coll. H. Long ; one ap. viv. fem. (slide) and one ap. viv. fem. (COI: OP956139), Beijing, 15.VIII.2017, No. 45505-1-1, on Apiaceae, coll. H. Long.

Diagnosis.

Pronotum and abdominal tergites I-IV each with large and circular marginal tubercles, larger than spiracles (Fig. 29D, F); setae of legs very long, pointed, dense, and curved apexes (Fig. 29G, H), the setae on femora 0.57-0.78 × of widest width, the setae on tibiae 0.97-1.39 × of mid-width; cauda tongue-shaped, with 9-16 long and pointed setae (Fig. 29M) (Takahashi 1961).

Comment.

After researching the holotype of Cavariella largispiracula Zhang, Chen, Zhong & Li, 1999, we found the species is in fact without large circular spiracles, which are in fact marginal tubercles and with normal reniform spiracles (Fig. 31A, C). In C. largispiracula, thoracic nota and abdominal tergites I-IV each with one pair of large marginal tubercles (Fig. 31C); abdominal tergites VIII with a slightly swollen supra-caudal process (Fig. 31D); cauda tongue-shaped (Fig. 31F); setae of legs very long and pointed (Zhang et al. 1999). Therefore, Cavariella largispiracula Zhang, Chen, Zhong & Li, 1999 is considered as a junior synonym of Cavariella sapporoensis Takahashi, 1961.

The species resembles Cavariella heraclei Takahashi, 1961, but differs from it as follows: setae of legs long, pointed, dense, and curved apexes ( C. heraclei: setae of legs short, blunt, sparse); cephalic setae long and pointed, 1.31-2.74 × Ant. IIIBD ( C. heraclei: cephalic setae short and blunt, 0.50 × Ant. IIIBD); setae of Ant. III long and pointed, 0.86-1.24 × Ant. IIIBD ( C. heraclei: setae of Ant. III short, 0.50 × Ant. IIIBD) (Takahashi 1961).

Biology.

The species is usually collected from Apiaceae and feeds on the undersides of leaves with ant attendance (Fig. 37B-D). In China, the apterous oviparous female of the species was found feeding on the leaves of Salix in October. So, the species may alternate host between Salix and Apiaceae .

Distribution.

China (Beijing, Gansu, Jilin), Japan.