Bruneimetopus simulans Taszakowski, Kim & Herczek sp. nov. Figures 6, 7, 8, 9

Diagnosis.

See generic diagnosis.

Description.

Male. Body shiny, in various shades of yellow and brown, covered by semi-erect pale brown and brown setae (Fig. 6A-C). Head: brownish yellow, 1.4 times as high as wide, compound eyes reddish, vertex white, slightly convex, as wide as eye in dorsal view. Frons dark brown between eyes, yellowish below inferior margin of eyes; clypeus brown; gena yellow (Fig. 7A-C). Antenna yellowish, segments III and IV darker. Labium shiny, yellowish, segment IV brown (Fig. 6B). Thorax: pronotum dark yellow, lateral margins semi-transparent and slightly raised, slightly wider at front; posterior margin whitish. Exposed part of mesoscutum brown with yellow tinge. Scutellum dark brown, with white apical part and black extreme apex, 0.6 times as long as wide, covered by semi-erect setae. Propleuron dark yellow, meso- and metapleurons dark brown with dark yellow tinge. Ostiolar peritreme ivory, evaporative area yellow-brown (Fig. 4D-F). Claval commissure comparatively long, 0.5 times as long as scutellum. Hemelytron: in various yellow and brown shades: median, posterior part and cuneus in 2/3 of their length semi-transparent, whitish yellow, base of hemelytra and clavus yellow-brown, part neighbouring with cuneal fracture and 1/3 length of cuneus dark brown. Cuneus 0.9 as long as wide. Membrane pale grey, semi-transparent, with two cells. Legs: coxae yellowish pale, femora yellow-white, with brown spots apically, tibiae yellow with four or five dark brown, irregular rings, tarsi yellow (Fig. 6A, B). Abdomen: bicolored: first two segments yellowish to brown, others dark brown (Fig. 6B, C). Genitalia: as described above. Measurements: given in the Table 1.

Etymology.

The species name simulans (resembling) is the present participle of the Latin verb simulo (to make like or to assume the appearance of anything), in allusion to the resemblance of this species to Planicapitus luteus .

Biology.

Unknown. Two specimens were collected in a mangrove forest (Fig. 10) by a Malaise trap, together with several other specimens of Isometopinae .

Material examined.

Holotype (♂): 'Borneo, Brunei, Tutong // Tutong area, mangroves forest / small stream near water edge, Malaise / trap 1; 16.viii.2014, leg: C. Damken / 4°46'9.54"N, 114°36'20.64"E // ID code: tutong.mangroves.01780'; Paratype (♂):'Borneo, Brunei, Labu FR. / mangrove forest, Malaise trap ID4 / 06.viii.2018; leg: C. Damken / 4°50'53.11"N, 117°7'45.65"E // ID code: labu.mangroves.01777'. The holotype and paratype are deposited in the UBDM.

Distributional remarks

In total, only 49 imagines of Gigantometopini representing eleven species were ever recorded. Four species are known only from the holotype: Gigantometopus rossi, Gigantometopus schuhi, Isometopidea lieweni, and Planicapitus luteus . Below we present the complete checklist of Gigantometopini with distributional records (Fig. 11) and biological information (following Poppius 1913, Schwartz and Schuh 1990, Miyamoto et al. 1996, Yasunaga and Hayashi 1996, Lin and Yang 2004, Yasunaga 2005, Akingbohungbe 2012, Yasunaga et al. 2017, Herczek et al. 2018):

Gigantometopini Herczek, 1993

Astroscopometopus Yasunaga & Hayashi, 2002

Astroscopometopus formosanus (Lin, 2004)

Isometopidea formosana Lin, 2004

1♂, Taiwan, Nantou, Chunyang (Fig. 11H), 11 Jun-9 Jul 2002, malaise trap

1♂, Taiwan, Pingtung, Hengchun, Kenting National Park (Fig. 11F), 10 Mar-14 Apr 2005, malaise trap

Astroscopometopus gryllocephalus (Miyamoto, Yasunaga, & Hayashi, 1996)

Isometopidea gryllocephala Miyamoto, Yasunaga, & Hayashi, 1996

1♀, Japan, Ryukyu Arc., Ishigaki Is., Shiramizu (Fig. 11J), 19 Mar 1993, sweeping, grasses growing on the subtropical jungle floor near a montane stream.

1♀, Japan, Ryukyu Arc., Ishigaki Is., Mt. Yarabudake (Fig. 11J), 10 Mar 1999, the bark of the subtropical ash, Fraxinus griffithii

1♂, 8 final instar nymphs, Japan, Ryukyu Arc., Ishigaki Is., Mt. Fukami-Omoto (Fig. 11J), 18 Mar 2000, the bark of the subtropical ash, Fraxinus griffithii

1♀, Japan, Ryukyu Arc., Iriomote Is. (Fig. 11I), 2 Mar 2002, root of an unidentified broadleaved tree

Gigantometopus Schwartz & Schuh, 1990

Gigantometopus rossi Schwartz & Schuh, 1990

1♀, Indonesia, Sumatra, Sumatera Barat, Mangani, mine near Kota Tinggi, 700 m a.s.l. (Fig. 11B), 20 Jul 1983

Gigantometopus cf. rossi Schwartz & Schuh, 1990

1♀, South India

Gigantometopus schuhi Akingbohungbe, 2012

1♂, Brunei, Borneo, Bukit Sulang near Lamunin (Fig. 11C), 20 Aug-10 Sep 1982, insecticide fogging on Shorea macrocarpa

Isometopidea Poppius, 1913

Isometopidea lieweni Poppius, 1913

1♀, Sri Lanka, Anuradhapura (Fig. 11A), 21 Dec

Isometopidea lieweni nec Poppius, 1913

1♀, Taiwan, Nantou, Lienhachi (Fig. 11H), Nov 1984, malaise trap

Kohnometopus Yasunaga, 2005

Kohnometopus fraxini Yasunaga, 2005

1♂, Japan, Ryukyu Arc., Ishigaki Is., Mt. Fukami-Omoto (Fig. 11J), 28 Sep 2002; 6♀♀, 22 May 2002

1♀, Japan, Ryukyu Arc., Ishigaki Is., Mt. Yarabudake (Fig. 11J), 1 Jun 2002; 2♂♂, 6♀♀, 28 Nov 2002; 1♀, 2 Oct 2002; all specimens of this species were collected on two trees of Fraxinus griffithii

Kohnometopus yangi (Lin, 2005)

Isometopidea yangi Lin 2005

1♂, Taiwan, Taitung, Peinan Panchiu Station (Fig. 11G), 19 Nov-16 Dec 2004, malaise trap; 2♂♂, 2♀♀, 19 Nov-16 Dec 2004, malaise trap; 1♀, 7 Oct-19 Nov 2004, malaise trap; 3♂♂, 1♀, 16 Dec 2004-17 Feb 2005, malaise trap

Sulawesimetopus Herczek, Gorczyca & Taszakowski, 2018

Sulawesimetopus henryi Herczek, Gorczyca & Taszakowski, 2018

3♂♂, Indonesia, Sulawesi Utara (Fig. 11E), 8-18 Nov 1985

5♂♂, 1♀, Indonesia, Sulawesi Utara, Dumonga-Bone National Park, Hogg’s Back Subcamp, 660 m. a.s.1. (Fig. 11E), 15 Nov 1985

Planicapitus Taszakowski, Kim & Herczek, gen. nov.

Planicapitus luteus Taszakowski, Kim & Herczek, sp. nov.

1♂, Malaysia, Borneo, Sabah Danum Valley, East Ridge Trail, 150 m. a.s.1., (Fig. 11D), 2 Dec 1989, understorey rainforest, at light

Bruneimetopus Taszakowski, Kim & Herczek, gen. nov.

Bruneimetopus simulans Taszakowski, Kim & Herczek, sp. nov.

1♂, Brunei, Borneo, Tutong area (Fig. 11C), 16 Aug 2014, mangroves forest (Fig. 10), malaise trap

1 ♂, Brunei, Borneo, Labu FR. (Fig. 11C), 6 Aug 2018, mangroves forest, malaise trap