Malus indica (Wall.) B.B.Liu comb. nov.

Figs 4, 5 Chinese name: 多依; pinyin (spelled as it sounds): duo yi

Pyrus indica ≡ Pyrus indica Wall., Pl. Asiat. Rar. (Wallich) 2(8): 56 (1831). Type: Tab. 173 (holotype, Fig. 4). INDIA. "Khasia reg. temp. alt. 6000 pds", J.D. Hooker & T. Thomson 510 (epitype, designated here: M [barcode M0213698]!). Note 1. Image of the epitype available from https://plants.jstor.org/stable/10.5555/al.ap.specimen.m0213698.

Cydonia indica ≡ Cydonia indica (Wall.) Spach, Hist. Nat. Vég . (Spach) 2: 158 (1834). Type: Based on Pyrus indica Wall.

Docynia indica ≡ Docynia indica (Wall.) Decne., Nouv. Arch. Mus. Hist. Nat. 10: 131 (1874). Type: Based on Pyrus indica Wall.

Eriolobus indica ≡ Eriolobus indica (Wall.) C.K.Schneid., Ill. Handb. Laubholzk. 1: 728 (1906). Type: Based on Pyrus indica Wall.

Docynia griffithiana = Docynia griffithiana Decne., Nouv. Arch. Mus. Par. 10: 131 (1874). Type: INDIA. "Himalaya oriental.", Griffith 2082 (holotype: P [barcode P01819345]!; isotypes: E [barcode E00010836]!, K, CAL [accession no. 153563]). Image of the holotype available from https://plants.jstor.org/stable/10.5555/al.ap.specimen.p01819345.

Docynia indica = Docynia indica var. griffithiana (Decne.) Ghora, Bull. Bot. Surv. India 47(1-4): 150 (2005). Type: Based on Docynia griffithiana Decne.

Docynia hookeriana = Docynia hookeriana Decne., Nouv. Arch. Mus. Par. 10: 131 (1874). Type: INDIA. "Khasia, regio temp. alt. 5000 pds.", J.D. Hooker & T. Thomson 511 (holotype: P [barcode P01819346]!). Image of the holotype available from https://plants.jstor.org/stable/10.5555/al.ap.specimen.p01819346.

Pyrus rufifolia = Pyrus rufifolia H. Lév ., Bull. Géogr . Bot. 25: 46 (1915), [ Pirus]. Type: CHINA. Yunnan: "flane des coteaux arides à Lou-Pou, 3050 m, Juin 1912", E.E. Maire s.n. (holotype: E [barcode E00010835]!). Image of the holotype available from https://plants.jstor.org/stable/10.5555/al.ap.specimen.e00010835.

Docynia rufifolia = Docynia rufifolia (H. Lév .) Rehder, J. Arnold Arbor. 13: 310 (1932). Type: Based on Pyrus rufifolia H. Lév .

Malus docynioides = Malus docynioides C.K.Schneid., Bot. Gaz. 63: 400 (1917). Type: CHINA. Sichuan: "Szechuan australis: inter Kua-pie et Ta-tiao-ko, alt. ca. 2700 m, 23 Maji 1914", C.K. Schneider 1349 (holotype: K [barcode K000758093]!; isotype: A [barcode 00026465]!). Image of the holotype available from https://plants.jstor.org/stable/10.5555/al.ap.specimen.k000758093.

Docynia docynioides = Docynia docynioides (C.K.Schneid.) Rehder, J. Arnold Arbor. 2(1): 58 (1920). Type: Based on Malus docynioides C.K.Schneid.

Distribution.

Bhutan, China (Sichuan and Yunnan), India, Myanmar, Nepal, Pakistan, Sikkim, Thailand and Vietnam.

Note 1.

In the protologue of Pyrus indica, Wallich (1831) did not designate a specimen as the holotype, but only provided an illustration, which is considered to be the holotype (Fig. 4). However, the accurate identification of this species will be significantly impeded due to the limited morphological details in the illustration compared to the specimens (Turland et al. 2018). Consequently, it becomes necessary to select a single specimen as the epitype in order to distinguish it from its closest relatives, such as Malus delavayi and M. longiunguis . Decaisne (1874) cited two specimens (J.D. Hooker & T. Thomson 509 and J.D. Hooker & T. Thomson 510) while transferring this species to Docynia as Docynia indica . Therefore, herein, we select a well-preserved specimen in the herbarium M (J.D. Hooker & T. Thomson 510: M0213698) as the epitype.