Leocrates japonicus Gustafson, 1930 nomen nudum

Leocrates japonicus Gustafson, 1930: 433, Textfig. 57 (brain, palp nerves and stomatogastric ganglia), 465, Pl. 23, Figs 1, 3 (horizontal, longitudinal sections of brain); Orrhage 1996: 140–141, Figs 5, 9.

Remarks. Orrhage (1996: 140, footnote) indicated that this species was “unintentionally described by Gustafson (1930).” In order to be available, names published before 1931 must be (ICZN 1999, Art. 12) “accompanied by a description or a definition of the taxon it denotes, or by an indication” (12.1), and regarding indication, there must be “in association with an illustration” (12.2.7). Gustafson (1930) provided illustrations for the nerve chords in the anterior end, and two histological sections which might be regarded as indications, but no description was provided. Further, because the illustrations are not enough to sort this species out from other species in the genus, it must be regarded as a nomen nudum or indeterminable. The later illustrations by Orrhage (1996: 138, Fig. 1a) is rather schematic, as the other ones in the same figure, and does not provide diagnostic features either.