Genus Manocoreus Hsiao, 1964

Figs 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16

Manocoreus Hsiao, 1964: 90. Hsiao (1977): 217 (in key), 244 (listed); Ren (1983): 321 (diagnostic characters, habitat, hosted plant); Chen and Li (1999): 128 (catalogue, diagnostic characters); Dolling (2006): 87 (catalogue).

Type species by original designation.

Manocoreus vulgaris Hsiao, 1964.

Diagnosis.

Manocoreus can be distinguished from other genera of Coreinae by the following combined characters: body elongate (Figs 1 - 3, 7 - 8); head wide, extending beyond antenniferous tubercles (Figs 12, 13); anteclypeus slender, slightly longer than mandibular plate (Figs 12, 13); head with small dentate or plate-like process in front of antenniferous tubercles (Figs 4A, B, 9A, B: hp); anterior portion of buccula right angled; eye not reaching anterior margin of pronotum (Figs 12, 13); profemora unarmed; vein Cu of hind wing away from base of hamus; meso- and metasternum with a mid-longitudinal groove; dorsum of tibiae sulcate, base of each tibiae slightly protuberant; metatarsal segment I longer than the sum of segments II and III; spiracles of abdomen situated before middle of sternites, near lateral margin (Figs 14, 15); sternum VII of female with middle longitudinal cleft, plica triangular, or rectangular depressed, covered by sternum VI (Figs 6C, 11B, 15); posterior margin of genital capsule broadly sinuate, with median ventroposterior process (Figs 4E, F, 5D, 9E, F, 10D, 14).

Redescription.

Body medium to relatively large (11-17 mm), elongate, nearly parallel-sided, ~ 3.2-4.3 × as long as humeral width (Figs 12, 13). Body surface and vestiture. Body surface rather dull; head, thorax, abdomen, with dense punctures; antennae, legs with short, semierect to erect setae, and dense small tubercles; abdomen with short and dense setae.

Head porrect, wider than long, shorter than pronotum, nearly pentagonal, dorsally flat, apex distinctly produced and surpassing antenniferous tubercles; anteclypeus slender, slightly surpassing mandibular plate (Figs 12, 13); antenniferous tubercles almost circular, not prominent; genae with small dentate or plate-like process in front of antenniferous tubercles (Figs 4A, B, 9A, B); anterior of buccula nearly right angled; eyes globular, not reaching anterior margin of pronotum (Figs 12, 13); ocelli not close to each other, relatively close to eyes, dorsally situated before connecting line of posterior edge of eyes (Figs 12, 13); preocellar pit deep, transverse; ocellar tubercles barely raised (Figs 12, 13); antenna four-segmented, antennomere I thickest, apex of antennomere I far from apex of head, with a glabrous and narrow base; antennomeres I-III subcylindrical, subequal in length, antennomere IV fusiform, shortest; labium four-segmented, surpassing posterior margin of mesosternum but not surpassing posterior margin of metasternum (Figs 1B, D, 2B, 3B, D, 7B, E, 8B, E); labial segment I not extending beyond base of head ( M. vulgaris), or reaching anterior margin of prosternum (other species). Thorax. Pronotum wider than long, hexagonal, gradually declivent, anterior margin with narrow, indistinct, depressed anterior collar (Figs 12, 13); cicatrices distinct, somewhat depressed; anterolateral margin concave to nearly straight, nodulose; humeral angle rectangular or tapering into stout or acute spine pointing outward (Figs 12, 13); posterolateral angle broadly angulate, posterolateral margin sinuate; posterior margin nearly straight or slight concave; pronotal disk with distinct or indistinct longitudinal medial carinae (Figs 12, 13). Scutellum longer than wide, triangular, apically subacute. Prosternum small, area before mesocoxae of mesosternum large, mesosternum and metasternum with longitudinal median groove; metathoracic scent gland ostiole provided with a bilobate peritreme, evaporatorium extending ~ 1/2 of mesopleuron (Figs 4C, D, 9C, D). Legs unarmed; femora thickened; dorsal surface of tibiae each with a wide longitudinal furrow. Hemelytra macropterous, not reaching or slightly surpassing apex of abdomen (1A, C, 2A, 3A, C, 7A, D, 8A, D); costal margin emarginated, nearly straight, R and M branch from ca. middle of corium, membrane with ~ 10 longitudinal veins; hamus of hind wing very short. Pregenital abdomen. Connexival segments distinctly raised above tergum, posterolateral angles sometimes acute; sterna without impression or furrow ventrally; spiracles circular, small, close to lateral margin, situated before middle of sterna; spiracle II not visible. Posterior margin of female abdominal tergum VII sinuate, concave in middle, sternum VII of female with middle longitudinal cleft, plica triangular, indistinct, covered by sternum VI (Fig. 14). External male genitalia. Genital capsule near prolate spheroidal, opening dorsally (Figs 4E, F, 5D, 9E, F, 10D), ventral outline distally concave in lateral view, posterior margin of genital capsule broadly sinuate with median ventroposterior process (Fig. 14); dorsal margin of base of paramere nearly straight, distal portion of paramere sickle-shaped (Figs 5E-G, 10E-G); phallus with a sclerotized articulatory apparatus, phallotheca barrel-shaped, unarmed, conjunctiva rigid and complex, aedeagus coiled, strongly sclerotized (Figs 5A-C, 10A-C). External female genitalia. Laterotergite VIII subtriangular, spiracles present; laterotergites IX subtriangular, inner margin contact (Fig. 15). Valvifers VIII nearly triangular (Figs 6C, 11B: vf8); valvulae VIII moderately membranous, with posterior distal portions slightly sclerotized (Figs 6C, 11B: va8); gonangulum elongate (Figs 6A, 11A: ga); valvifers IX separated, slender (Figs 6A, 11A: vf9); valvulae IX membranous, with posterior distal portions strongly sclerotized (Figs 6A, 11A: va9); valvulae VIII and IX interlocking through sclerotized rami VIII and IX (Figs 6A, 11A, C); gynatrium with one large ring sclerite (Figs 6A, 11A: rs); spermatheca with a long coiled duct, basal portion of duct slightly expanding, subapical with a conspicuous ampulla (Figs 6B, D, 11C, D: am); distal region with a long flexible zone (Figs 6B, D, 11C, D: fz), tightly coiled duct (Figs 6B, D, 11C, D: cd), and seminal receptacle globose (Figs 6B, D, 11C, D: sr).

Distribution.

The genus currently contains eight species, all species distributed in southwestern and southern China (Fig. 16).