Episyron fulvimaculatus Song & Li sp. nov.

Figs 1 A – F, 2 A – G

Material examined.

Holotype: CHINA • ♀; Yunnan, Jinghong City, Menghai County; 21°49'N, 100°28'E; 24. III – 22. IV. 2021; coll. Malaise trap (YNAU) . Paratypes: CHINA • 2 ♀♀ 2 ♂♂; same data as for holotype, 27. IV – 16. V. 2018 (1 ♂), 24. III – 22. IV. 2019 (1 ♀), 17. V – 17. VI. 2019 (1 ♂), 13. I – 15. II. 2021 (1 ♀); coll. Malaise trap (YNAU); CHINA • 4 ♀♀ 2 ♂♂; Yunnan, Jinghong City, Menghai County, Bulang Mountain; 21°45'N, 100°26'E; 17. V – 21. VI. 2018 (2 ♀♀), 29. IV – 28. V. 2019 (2 ♀♀), 17. V 20. VI. 2018 (1 ♂), 28. V 28. VI. 2019 (1 ♂); coll. Malaise trap (YNAU) ; CHINA • 1 ♀; Yunnan, Dehong State, Lianghe County, Zhedao Town, Longhe Village; 24°45'N, 98°13'E; 5. V. 2013; coll. Ying Tian; yellow plate (YNAU) ; CHINA • 3 ♀♀; Yunnan, Wenshan State, Maguan County, Mabai Town; 23°02'N, 104°41'E; 16. VII. 2017; coll. Malaise trap (YNAU) ; CHINA • 3 ♀♀; Yunnan, Baoshan, Tengchong, Jietou Town; 25°43'N, 98°65'E; 15. VII. 2006; coll. Rui Zhang; sweep net (YNAU) ; CHINA • 1 ♀; Yunnan, Yuxi, Chengjiang Yueliangwan Wetland Park; 24°62'N, 102°94'E; 2. IX. 2023; coll. Zhizhi Liu; sweep net (YNAU) .

Description.

Female. Length: body 9.2–13.5 mm; fore wing 8.1–11.8 mm.

Colour. Body black, following markings fulvous: mandible at apical 1 / 2, maxillary palpus, antennae 1–4, sometimes 5, antennal socket, broad band on inner and outer orbits, collar, posterior margin of pronotum, square mark near hind margin of mesonotum, small spot on hind margin of scutellum and on tegulae (Fig. 1 A – D). Mesosoma in large part fulvous, basal T 2 –3 with wide yellow or fulvous band, T 4–6 almost entirely fulvous; basal S 1 –4 more or less black, S 4–6 almost entirely fulvous (Fig. 1 A). All coxae, trochanters and femora at basal 3 / 4 black, fore, mid and hind tarsomeres 5 dark brown, remainder fulvous (Fig. 1 A). Wings hyaline, slightly brownish, fore and hind wings infuscate with light brown apical band, pterostigma entirely brown (Fig. 1 E).

Pubescence. Mandible, clypeus, frons, vertex, gena, pronotum, propleuron, mesopleuron, propodeum and T 1 with dense golden pubescence, apical metasoma with sparse black setae; pronotum, scutellum, metanotum, metapleura, metapostnotum, propodeum, dorsal surface of hind coxa and T 1 with yellowish-brown squamiform pubescence, mixed metallic reflection (Fig. 1 A – D).

Head. In frontal view, head width 1.12–1.13 times its height. Mandible stout with two small subapical teeth, inner tooth smaller than outer tooth. Clypeus slightly convex medially, anterior margin rounded, its width 2.14–2.33 times length (Fig. 1 B). Malar space short. Area between antennal sockets convex. Frons flat, with short and inconspicuous median line (Fig. 1 B). Inner orbits nearly parallel below and slightly convergent above; MID width nearly 2.55–3.04 times eyes; LID: MID: UID = 73: 73: 51 (Fig. 1 B). In dorsal view, ocelli approximately in triangle, ocellar area slightly raised; POD: OOD = 0.81–0.89 (Fig. 1 C). Head with developed occipital angles, occipital carina conspicuous (Fig. 1 C). In lateral view, gena 0.61–0.66 times eye width. Flagellum filiform, F 1 slender, length 5.63–6.02 times its maximum width, and 2.32–2.51 times scape; SL: PL: F 1: F 2: F 3: F 4: F 5 = 25: 12: 60: 42: 31: 25: 18.

Mesosoma. Pronotum length in dorsal view 0.33–0.36 times its maximum width, slightly converging toward base, posterior margin arcuate and slightly angulate medially. Mesoscutum with evident parapsidal line, from apical to 3 / 4 metanotum. Mesoscutellum and metanotum conspicuously convex medially. Metapostnotum narrow medially, and posterior margin arcuately expanded, and its length nearly 0.27–0.33 times metanotum (Fig. 1 D). Propodeum slightly convex in profile, with uniform arcuate transition, length 0.68–0.71 of its maximum width (Fig. 1 D).

Wings. Marginal cell of fore wing nearly as long as its length from wing tip (Fig. 1 E). Pterostigma slender, rounded posteriorly. Fore wing with three submarginal cells, SMC 3 apparently greater than SMC 2 (Fig. 1 E). SMC 2 receiving crossvein 1 m-cu at basal 0.53–0.56, SMC 3 receiving crossvein 2 m-cu at basal 0.61–0.68 (Fig. 1 E). Hind wing crossvein cu-a arc-like, M + CuA vein fork before intersection of cu-a and M + CuA (Fig. 1 E).

Legs. Fore tarsus with cylindrical tapering spines, tarsomere 1 outside with three outer spines, tarsomere 2, 3 with two outer spines, tarsomere 4 with one outer spine, tarsomere 5 without spine; two spines on ventral surface of tarsomere 1; apical spine of tarsomere 1 slightly exceeding apex of tarsomere 2; tarsomere 2 apical spine extended beyond apex of tarsomere 3, a row of small spines on ventral surface of tarsomeres 1–4 (Fig. 1 F). Long spur of hind tibia nearly 0.75–0.84 times metatarsus. Tarsal claws symmetrical and bifid, inner tooth broad and obliquely truncated (Fig. 1 F).

Metasoma. Metasoma without petiole, apex of T 6 slightly compressed.

Male. Body length 7.3–9.5 mm, fore wing 7.6–8.3 mm. Similar to female except: mandible red-brown at apical 1 / 2, tegulae red-brown (Fig. 2 B). Following markings fulvous: inner and outer orbits, antennae 3–8 segments ventrally, posterior margin of pronotum, square mark near hind margin of mesoscutum; basal T 2 –3 band; T 7 almost entirely yellow brown or fulvous (Fig. 2 A – D). Femora apically and tibiae reddish brown, tarsus brownish black (Fig. 2 A). Squamiform pubescence usually brown, mixed with pink and metallic sheen (Fig. 2 D). Head width 1.15–1.17 times its height (Fig. 2 B). Mandible with one small subapical tooth. Clypeus width 1.92–2.02 times length; MID width nearly 2.48–2.51 times eyes; LID: MID: UID = 46: 56: 48 (Fig. 2 B); POD: OOD = 0.73–0.86. Gena 0.53–0.62 times eye width. F 1 nearly 1.42–1.64 times as long as width, SL: PL: F 1: F 2: F 3: F 4: F 5 = 15: 5: 17: 23: 21: 19: 18. Pronotum length 0.31–0.37 times its maximum width, metapostnotum length nearly 0.23–0.27 times metanotum; propodeum length 0.50–0.58 times its maximum width (Fig. 2 D). SMC 2 receiving crossvein 1 m-cu at basal 0.53–0.57, SMC 3 receiving crossvein 2 m-cu at basal 0.64–0.66. Fore tarsus without comb spines, long spur of hind tibia nearly 0.84–0.87 times metatarsus. Metasoma lanceolate, slightly narrower than mesosoma. Genitalia: paramere narrow and long, with bristles apically; apical 2 / 3 of volsella broad, ventral surface with a few bristles; SGP in ventral view narrowing toward apex, ventral surface with dense, short setae apically.

Distribution.

China: Yunnan (Xishuangbanna State, Dehong State, Baoshan City).

Etymology.

The specific epithet fulvimaculatus originates from the Latin words “ fulv - ” and “ maculatus ”, referring to the many fulvous spots or bands throughout the body.

Remarks.

The new species is similar to Episyron vagabundus hopponis (Matsumura, 1912), but can be separated from it by the following characteristics:

Female of E. fulvimaculatus: F 1 slender, length 5.63–6.02 times its maximum width; POD <OOD; pterostigma rounded posteriorly (Fig. 1 E); comb spine of fore tarsomere 1 comparatively long (Fig. 1 F). In male, basolateral marks of T 2 - T 3 and mark on T 7 yellow brown or fulvous (Fig. 2 A); F 1 length 1.42–1.64 times its maximum width.

In Episyron vagabundus hopponis (Matsumura, 1912) (female): F 1 length 6.78–7.62 times its maximum width; POD> OOD; pterostigma elongated, posterior margin parallel to anterior (Fig. 13 E); comb spine of fore tarsomere 1 comparatively shorter (Fig. 13 F). In male, basolateral marks of T 3 (usually concealed) and mark on T 7 yellow (Fig. 14 A); F 1 length 2.11–2.32 times its maximum width.