Hyaena hyaena (Linnaeus, 1758) . Syst. Nat. 10th ed., 1:40.

TYPE LOCALITY: " India ", restricted by Thomas (1911a: 134) to "Benna Mts., Laristan, S. Persia " .

DISTRIBUTION: Afghanistan, Algeria, Egypt, Ethiopia, India, Iran, Iraq, Israel, Kenya, Libya, Mali, Morocco, Nepal, Nigeria, Pakistan, Saudia Arabia, Sierra Leone, Somalia, South Africa, Sudan, Tanzania, republics of the former USSR, Yemen.

STATUS: U.S. ESA and IUCN - Endangered as H. h. barbara .

SYNONYMS: antiquorum Temminck, 1820; barbara de Blainville, 1844; bergeri Matschie, 1910; bilkiewiczi Satunin, 1905; bokcharensis Satunin, 1905; dubbah Meyer, 1793; dubia Schinz, 1821; fasciata Thunberg, 1820; hienomelas Matschie, 1900; hyaenomelas Desmarest, 1820; indica de Blainville, 1844; orientalis Tiedemann, 1808; rendilis Lönnberg, 1912; satunini Matschie, 1910; schillingsi Matschie, 1900; striata Zimmerman, 1777; suilla Filippi, 1853; sultana Pocock, 1934; sultana Pocock, 1934; syriaca Matschie, 1900; virgata Ogilby, 1840; vulgaris Desmarest, 1820; zarudnyi Satunin, 1905.

COMMENTS: Reviewed by Rieger (1981, Mammalian Species, 150).