Phloeophana longirostris (Spinola, 1837)

(Figures 5, 6, 15–17)

1837 Phloea longirostris Spinola: 265, 276; Dallas 1851: 149, 150; Dohrn 1859: 11; Stål 1872: 4; Lethierry and Severin 1893: 82; Pérez 1904: 429; von Ihering 1909: 130

1843 Phloea paradoxa Amyot and Serville: 115, 118; de Magalhães 1909: 239–246, 248– 257; Brien 1930: 1–6, figs. I–VI

1844 Phloeocoris longirostris Herrich-Schäffer (1844): 38

1863 Phlaea paradoxa Signoret: 546. syn. n.

1908 Phloeophana longirostris Kirkaldy: 123–124; Kirkaldy 1909: 252; Hussey 1934: 140, 142, 143; Leston 1953: 121, 133, figs. 1–12, 14; Lent and Jurberg 1965: 123, 140, 141, figs. 1, 6, 7, 10, 28–33, 37, 44–46, 51, 52, 55; Lent and Jurberg 1966: 1–4, figs. 1–10; Schuh and Slater 1995: figs. 74.1B, 74.2A–D, 74.2F, 74.2G; Guilbert 2003: 61; Bernardes et al. 2005: 415, 419; Grazia et al. 2008: 936; Grazia and Schwertner 2011: 716; Grazia et al. 2012: 394; Salomão et al. 2012: 321–337; Schwertner and Grazia 2015: 825, figs. 25.2, 25.35; da Fonseca et al. 2016: 1459; Martins et al. 2016: 358; da Fonseca et al. 2017: 1905–1910; Rider et al. 2018: figs. 2.1, 2.16F; Schuh and Weirauch 2020: 498–500, figs. B–I

1935 Phlaeophana longirostris Bequaert (1935): 182

1940 Phloeophana paradoxa Costa-Lima, 1940: 46, 47, fig. 229

Diagnosis

Many green iridescent punctures present all over dorsum including head, pronotum, scutellum, coria, abdominal tergites and foliations. Whole dorsum bearing setae; long setae visible in lateral margins of foliations and pronotum. Pronotum with two dark marks, one on each side, projected posteriorly and diagonally from eyes, but not reaching posterior margin of pronotum. Dark fovea present on scutellum, each one extending posteriorly along scutellum outer margin. Coria concolor with body, each presenting a dark Y- or more commonly T-shaped mark and a dark line extending into second half of inner clavus margin.

Distribution

BRAZIL. Minas Gerais [new rec.] (Nova Lima), Espírito Santo (Linhares), São Paulo (São José dos Campos [new rec.], Jundiaí, AraÇariguama [new rec.], São Paulo), Rio de Janeiro ( Cachoeiras de Macacu [new rec.] , Rio de Janeiro [as Guanabara state]), Paraná [new rec.] (Bituruna), Santa Catarina [new rec.] (São Bento do Sul), Rio Grande do Sul [new rec.] (Sarandi) .

Examined material

BRAZIL. São Paulo: Jundiaí, RBM Serra do Japi, 23.235783°S, 46.9327°W, 3 January 2014, 20h 30m, coll . R. Carrenho (2♂ (1*) MZUSP) . Santa Catarina: São Bento do Sul, Rio Vermelho, March 1961, coll . Dirings (1♀ * MZUSP) . 1♂ labelled as ‘ Brasilien’ (MfN), coll . Lhotzky . 1♂ labelled as ‘ Brasil’ (MfN) . 1♂, 1 nymph labelled as ‘ Rio de Janeiro’ (MfN) . 1♂ labelled as ‘St. Cruz’ [we were unable to find this locality, possibly in Rio de Janeiro] (MfN) . 4 specimens without labels (3♀, 1♂ MZUSP) .

iNaturalist observations

BRAZIL. Minas Gerais: Nova Lima, 25 November 2022, observer 'Bruno Bertholino', 149921805 (1♀) . São Paulo: São José dos Campos, Jardim Apolo, 12243-150 [postal code], 29 November 2020, observer 'clara_rocha', 65846471 (1♀); Jundiaí, 26 November 2006, observer 'eneaschr', 100976033 (1 nymph); AraÇariguama, 18147-000 [postal code], 6 November 2022, observer ' Tiago Lubiana', 141415102 (1 nymph); São Paulo, Cidade Universitária Armando Salles de Oliveira, 28 April 2023, observer ' José Valério', 157359454 (1♀) . Rio de Janeiro: Cachoeiras de Macacu, 28680-000 [postal code], 14 February 2019, observer ' Phil Benstead', 21907432 (1♀) . Paraná: Bituruna, 84640-000 [postal code], 18 September 2021, observer ' Joseane Derengoski', 113160386 (1♀) . Rio Grande do Sul: Sarandi, 29 December 2021, observer ' Romulo Cenci', 103931645 (1 nymph) .

Identification key for adults and nymphs of Phloeidae

1 Whole dorsum presenting many setae; head foliations widely separated from each other and with large undulations; scutellum very long, reaching anterior limit of segment VI; hemelytra membranes small (no more than 1/4 of hemelytra length), partially covered by the scutellum, and with many closed cells; body foliations not contiguous with each other ............................ Phloeophana longirostris (Spinola 1837)

- Dorsum not presenting setae; head foliations contiguous or overlapped for some of its extension; scutellum reaching at most middle of segment IV; hemelytra membranes representing around 1/2 of hemelytra length and with basal or no cells at all; body foliations contiguous with each other for at least part of its length .................. 2

2 Body colours generally brighter and darker; body presenting many tubercles with dark outline; anterior margins of head foliations almost straight and overlapped anteriorly; first antennal segment shorter than 2nd and 3rd together; pronotum with two dark, conspicuous lines; scutellum with dark, iridescent fovea and two dark, iridescent markings on the sides; coria presenting dark, Y-shaped marks; wing membranes presenting basal cells; body foliations from segments IV–VII acuminated posteriorly .......................................... .......................................... Phloea corticata (Drury 1773)

- Body colours generally lighter, paler (different colour morphs may be found, see Figures 7–10); body presenting many orangish-copper coloured tubercles; head foliations convex anteriorly and contiguous medially; first antennal segment at least as long as 2nd and 3rd together; pronotum with two faint lines; scutellum with dark-reddish iridescent fovea; coria presenting, at most, a faint Y-shaped mark; wing membranes wrinkled and veins largely branching but not forming closed cells; body foliations always rounded posteriorly .......... Phloea subquadrata Spinola 1837