Key to the known species of Heleomyzidae occurring in Brazil

1. Face without subantennal pits (Figs 1 C, 7F, 8F). Compound eyes large and prominent. Vertex slightly to deeply excavated. Head brown to yellow.......................................................................Rhinotorini... 2

1’. Face with pair of deep, oval subantennal pits (Figs 9C,F). Compound eyes reduced. Vertex horizontal or slightly convex. Head at least partially bright orange.................................................................. Diaciini...13

2(1). Postvertical setae absent (Fig. 1 C). Scutellum with longitudinal excavation or with protuberances (Figs 1 B, 2B). Vertex deeply excavated (Figs 1 C, 7F)................................................................................ 3

2’. Postvertical setae weak, convergent (Fig. 8 D). Scutellum without longitudinal excavation or protuberances (Fig. 8 E). Vertex slightly excavated (Fig. 8 F)................................................ Rhinotoroides bifurcata Lopes, 1934 .

3(2). Scutellum flattened, not excavated, with spiniform or lobed protuberances (Figs 1 B, 2B). Pruinescence of scutum fine, present around setal sockets (Figs 1 B,D)............................................................... Rhinotora ... 4

3’. Scutellum inflated and longitudinally excavated (Fig. 7B). Pruinescence of scutum thick, absent around setal sockets (Figs 7A–B,D–E)............................................................................. Neorhinotora ...11

4(3). Scutellum with apical and lateral spiniform protuberances (Fig. 1 B). Wing membrane hyaline with dark spots; cell r1 with several supernumerary crossveins, occasionally some of them branched (Figs 1 D, 3D, 6D).............................. 5

4’. Scutellum with discrete apical and lateral lobed protuberances (Fig. 2B). Wing membrane dark with hyaline spots; cell r1 with several supernumerary crossveins, most of them branched (per Almeida & Ale-Rocha 2011)................ R. fonsecai

5(4). Cell r2+3 medially with 2–3 supernumerary crossveins, arising independently from R2+3 (sometimes connected posteriorly) (Figs 1 D, 6D)........................................................................................ 6

5’. Cell r2+3 medially with a single (either simple or branched) supernumerary crossvein (Fig 3D)......................... 7

6(5). Wing with a distinct spot around crossveins arising from R2+3, darker than remaining wing spots (Fig 6D). Scutellum centrally with a dark pruinose triangle; margin golden pruinose. Male cerci with convex apical margin (Fig 6F)........ R. travassosi

6’. Wing with two parallel, often posteriorly connected supernumerary crossveins arising from the middle of R2+3; dark spot around those crossveins not darker than the remaining wing spots (Fig 1 D). Pruinescence of scutellum golden to brown, not forming a distinct pattern. Male cerci with indented apical margin (Fig 1 F)............................ R. diversipennis

7(6). Scutum with complex pattern of dark pruinose spots (Figs 2 D, 3B, 5E)........................................... 8

7’. Scutum golden pruinose, without dark pruinose spots (Figs 4 E, 5B)............................................ 10

8(7). Male fore femur about three times longer than wide. Scutum with two parallel dark pruinose spots on posteromedial region (Fig. 2 D). Mid tibia with one distinct ventroapical seta. Cerci with a greater medial lobe, and a smaller lateral lobe (Fig. 2 F)............................................................................................... R. lopesi

8’. Male fore femur about four times longer than wide. Pruinose pattern of scutum not as above. Mid tibia with 1–3 distinct ventroapical setae........................................................................................ 9

9(8). Scutum without dark pruinose spots on posteromedial region (Fig. 5 E). Mid tibia with two or three distinct ventroapical setae. Male cerci triangular in dorsal view (per Guimarães & Papavero, 1966).................................. R. spiloptera

9’. Scutum with two converging dark pruinose spots on posteromedial region (Fig. 3B). Mid tibia with one distinct ventroapical seta. Male cerci short, fused all along its apex, prolonged laterally into two digitiform lobes (Fig. 3G).. R. paschoali sp. nov.

10(7). Cell r1 with five to six supernumerary crossveins (Fig. 4B,D). Mid tibia with one ventroapical distinct seta. Male cerci abruptly narrowing from base to apex, bottle-shaped in dorsal view (per Almeida & Ale-Rocha 2011)....... R. pluricellata

10’. Cell r1 with eight to nine supernumerary crossveins (Fig. 5A). Mid tibia with two or three ventroapical distinct seta. Male cerci trapezoidal in dorsal view (Guimarães & Papavero, 1966)........................................ R. salesopolitana

11(3). Arista micropubescent (Fig. 8C). Wing with two well-defined spots around dm-cu and on the distal extremities of R4+5 and M (Figs 8A–B)..................................................................... N. mutica (Schiner, 1868)