Centris (Relicthemisia) xanthomelaena Moure & Castro, 2001

Figs 1–4

Centris ‘ xanthomelaena ’ Vogel & Machado, 1991: 163–175, figs 6a–b, 9a, h (distribution, floral records, pollination). Nomen nudum.

Centris (Paracentris) xanthomelaena – Moure & Castro 2001: 330–332, figs 1–4 (original description). — Silveira et al. 2002: 98, 253 (distribution, list). — Urban 2003: 24, 43 (taxonomic note, cited). — Azevedo & Silveira 2005: 45 (cited). — Batalha Filho et al. 2007: 25 (distribution record). — Moure et al. 2007: 120 (catalogue). — Azevedo et al. 2008: 143 (distribution record). — Machado & Sazima 2008: 488 (floral record). — Rodarte et al. 2008: 307 (distribution record). — Pigozzo & Viana 2010: 105 (distribution record). — Vivallo & Zanella 2012: 4, 6, 8–9, 13– 14, figs 37–38, 77–78 (distribution, key). — Giannini et al. 2013: 78 (list). — Silva 2014: 188 (distribution record). — Martins et al. 2018: 770, figs 1–2 (bionomy, nesting behavior, distribution record). — Barenbaum 2019: 222 (bionomy, sleeping behavior). — Carneiro et al. 2019: 219 (distribution and floral records).

Centris xanthomelaena – Zanella 2002: 438, 444, 447, 451, 453, 455, 457, 459, 483, 485, 486, figs 26, 164–170 (diagnosis, male description, distribution map, morphological characters, phylogenetic relationships). — Aguiar 2003a: 42, 43 (distribution and floral records); 2003b: 464 (floral record). — Zanella 2003: 234 (list). — Aguiar et al. 2005: 249 (distribution record). — Aguiar & Zanella 2005: 17, 19 (distribution record). — Azevedo & Silveira 2005: 47 (cited). — Prevedello & Carvalho 2006: 45 (cited). — Zanella & Vivallo 2009: 68 (cited). — Martins & Melo 2015: 7–8, 10 (phylogenetic relationships). — Martins et al. 2018: 771, 772 (sleeping behavior). — Carneiro et al. 2019: 216, 220 (distribution and floral records, pollinator).

Diagnosis

Female

Integument dark brown to black, except flagellum dark brown and tegula yellowish brown (Fig. 1A–B). Wings brown with veins dark brown (Fig. 1B). Head, mesosoma (except the ventral surface) and anterior half of T1 with intense yellow slightly greenish pilosity, lighter on labrum and gena (Fig. 1A–B). The rest of the body with blackish hairs, except posterior apex of the femur of forelegs with some yellowish hairs (Fig. 1A–B). Clypeus coriaceous with coarse and dense punctation (Fig. 1A). Clypeal disc with an unpunctated area on upper half, without smooth longitudinal band. Labrum with the same punctation, but denser, without smooth basal margin. Terga and sterna, except T6 and S6, with very narrow smooth distal margin, wider on T4. Mandible with four apically acute teeth (Fig. 1A). Fourth teeth slightly larger than the third (Fig. 1A). Maxillary palpus 4-segmented. Malar area very narrow (Fig. 1A). Labrum semicircular (Fig. 1A). Inner orbits of compound eyes converging downward (Fig. 1A). Elaiospathes normally developed. Basitibial plate elliptical, with S-like secondary plate (Fig. 2A). S2–S4 projected in the middle. Apex of primary pygidial plate slightly rounded with the apex of the secondary plate open and slightly projected towards the distal edge of the primary plate (Fig. 2D).

Male

Similar to the female, except for the following characters: integument dark brown to black, except basal segments of the flagellum brown and apical segments slightly orange (Fig. 1C–D). Supraclypeal area, discs of clypeus and labrum yellow (Fig. 1C–D). Tegula yellowish brown. Clypeal disc with small unpunctated area on upper half, without smooth longitudinal band. Terga and sterna, except T7 and S6, with relatively broad light brown smooth distal margin, wider on T4. Mandible with three apically acute teeth (Fig. 1C). Distance between clypeus and compound eyes shorter than half of the shortest diameter of F1 (Fig. 1C). Apical margin of the hind tibia without tooth-like projection. Apical half of fore and middle basitarsi without a row of long, erect, slightly spatulate and curved setae similar to an elaiospathe. Pygidial plate absent.

Type material

Holotype

BRAZIL – Bahia State • ♀; Milagres; 28 Jan. 1998; 10h50; Marina Siqueira de Castro leg.; Chamaechrista amiciela ( Caesalpiniaceae)\1070; LABE/EBDA (not examined).

Paratypes

BRAZIL – Bahia State • 1 ♀; Milagres; 12º88.280´S, 39º92.298´W; 28 Jan. 1998; 10h45; Marina Siqueira de Castro leg.; Chamaechrista amiciela ( Caesalpiniaceae)\1069; LABE/EBDA (not examined) • 1 ♀; Milagres; 12º88.280´S, 39º92.298´W; 31 Mar. 1997; 10h30; Marina Siqueira de Castro leg.; in Stimaphyllom auriculatum (Malpighiaceae); DZUP (not examined).

Material examined

(specimens labeled as paratype or holotype below do not belong to the type series)

BRAZIL – Alagoas State • 1 ♀; Piranhas, Poço da Ingazeira; 9º50.594´S, 37º88.113´W; 28 Oct. 2005; Debora Moura leg.; \ “ Centris xanthomelaena Moure & Castro 2001 Schlindwein Det. ” \ HYAP 4004; UNILA . – Bahia State • 1 ♀; Curaçá, Faz. Humaitá; 9º07´262˝ S, 39º42´859˝ W; 440 m a.s.l.; 4 May 2011; PPBIO Caatinga; F.C.V. Zanella leg.; \ HYAP 0582, UNILA • 1 ♀; Monte Santo; 10º43.958´S, 39º33.566´W; 3 Feb. 2000; w.c.; Malpighiaceae \ HYAP 9706, UNILA • 2 ♀♀; Camacari, Dunas de Tauá; 12º71.621´S, 38º36.842´W; 24 Nov. 1993; J. Becker leg. [†]; MNRJ • 1 ♂; Maracás; 13°26.467´S, 40°25.850´W; 20 Jan. 1963 \ “Coleção Campos Seabra” \ J. Becker leg. \ “ Centris Xanthemisia bicolor Lepeletier ” \ “ C. Paracentris xanthomelaena A.A. Azevedo Det. ” [†]; MNRJ • 1 ♀, 1 ♂; Dias D’Avila; 12º60.621´S, 38º34.028´W; 2 Dec. 1951; Luiz Carlos leg. [†]; MNRJ • 1 ♀, 2 ♂♂; Dias D’Avila; 12º60.621´S, 38º34.028´W; 16 Dec. 1951; Luiz Carlos leg. [†]; MNRJ • 2 ♀♀, 1 ♂; Ipirá, Santa Quitéria; 12º15.642´S, 39º76.319´W; 6 Jan. 2010; K. Ramos and V. Kanamura leg. [†]; MNRJ . – Minas Gerais State • 1 ♀; Conego Marinho; 15º18˝ S, 44º25˝ W; 1 Apr. 1988; Nereu leg. 880824 \ “ C. ( Paracentris) sp. nov. Det. Moure, 1992” \ “Parátipo Centris xanthomelaena sp. nov. F. Zanella, 1999”; RPSP • 1 ♂; Conego Marinho; 15º18˝ S, 44º25˝ W; 29 Mar. 1988; Nereu leg. 880654\ “ex Penthemisia Moure, 1950 Det. Moure 1992” \ “ C. ( Paracentris) sp. nov. Det. Moure, 1998” \ “Parátipo Centris xanthomelaena sp. nov. F. Zanella, 1999”; RPSP . – Paraíba State • 1 ♀; Patos; 7º03.860´S, 37º31.445´W; 16 Aug. 2002; Gisllyana leg.; HYAP 9300; UNILA . – Pernambuco State • 1 ♀; Alagoinha; 8º46.622´S, 36º78.423´W; 18 Jun. 1987; I.C.S Machado leg.; in Ruellia sp. \ “ C. ( Paracentris) sp. nov., Det. Moure 1992” \ “Holótipo Centris xanthomelaena sp. nov. F. Zanella, 1999”; RPSP • 1 ♀; Buique, Vale do Catimbau; 8º49.210´S, 37º50.180´W; 17 Mar. 2005; R. Pick leg. \ “ Centris xanthomelaena Moure & Castro 2001 Schlindwein Det. ” \; HYAP 4002; UNILA . – Rio Grande do Norte State • 1 ♂; Serra Negra do Norte, ESEC Seridó; 6º66.572´S, 37º40.515´W; 12 Aug. 1995; F. Zanella leg.\ 0938 10b03\ HYAP 9705; UNILA • 2 ♀♀; Serra Negra do Norte, ESEC; 6º66.572´S, 37º40.515´W; 13 Mar. 2005; F. Zanella leg.; em pl. 1 roxa 10h\ HYAP 4601; UNILA • 1 ♂; Serra Negra do Norte, ESEC Seridó; 6º66.572´S, 37º40.515´W; 5 Jul. 2005; F. Zanella leg.; pl. 27 Chamaechrista 13h \ HYAP 4598; UNILA • 1 ♀; Serra Negra do Norte, ESEC Seridó; 6º66.572´S, 37º40.515´W; 22 May 2005; F. Zanella leg. \ HYAP 4600; UNILA • 1 ♀; Serra Negra do Norte, ESEC Seridó; 6º66.572´S, 37º40.515´W; 12 Jun. 2005; F. Zanella leg.; Krameria sp. 14h \ HYAP 4853; UNILA • 1 ♂; Serra Negra do Norte, ESEC Seridó; 6º66.572´S, 37º40.515´W; 8 Apr. 2005; F. Zanella leg.; Voando sobre arbusto 17h [†]; MNRJ • 1 ♀; Santana do Seridó; 6º46˝ S, 36º44˝ W; 10 Aug. 2007; J.M.F. Camargo leg.; 07.1024; RPSP .

Type locality

Brazil: Bahia State: Milagres.

Distribution

Endemic to northeastern Brazil, being recorded mainly in the dry open Caatinga vegetation (Fig. 3). The only record in central Brazil, Mato Grosso State, needs confirmation. Brazil: Rio Grande do Norte State: Serra Negra do Norte (Zanella 2002, 2003; Aguiar et al. 2003; Silva 2014), *Santana do Seridó. Paraíba State: (Silveira et al. 2002). *Patos. Pernambuco State: Alagoinha (Vogel & Machado 1991; Machado & Sazima 2008). Petrolina (Xavier et al. 2016; Martins et al. 2018). Salgueiro (Xavier et al. 2016). *Buique. Alagoas State: *Piranhas. Bahia State: Canudos (Pigozzo & Viana 2010; Silva 2014). Ibiraba (Rodarte et al. 2008). Itatim (Aguiar 2003a, 2003b; Aguiar et al. 2003; Aguiar & Zanella 2005; Silva 2014). Jequié (Batalha Filho et al. 2007; Silva 2014). Juazeiro (Coelho et al. 2018). Milagres (Moure & Castro 2001; Silva 2014). Monte Santo (Zanella 2002; Aguiar et al. 2003). Xique-Xique (Carneiro et al. 2019). *Camacari (Dunas de Tauá), *Dias D’Ávila, *Ipirá (Santa Quitéria), *Maracás. Mato Grosso State: cf. Serra do Roncador (Zanella 2002). Minas Gerais State: Botumirim (Azevedo et al. 2008). Cônego Marinho (Zanella 2002).