Heterobostrychus hamatipennis (Lesne) (Fig. 4H)

Bostrychus hamatipennis Lesne, 1895: 173

Distribution in mainland China: FJ, GD, GX, HA, HB, JS, JX, LN, SD, SC, YN, ZJ (Chu & Zhang 1997).

Other distribution. Korea, Japan, Pakistan, India, Nepal, Bhutan, Malaysia, Thailand, Laos, Vietnam, Hainan, Taiwan, Sri Lanka, Indonesia, Philippines, Europe, USA, Madagascar, Mauritius (Hua 2002; Liu & Beaver 2018).

Biology. Like H. aequalis, the species has been reported as a pest in rubber plantations ( Hevea brasiliensis Muell. Arg. ( Euphorbiaceae)) (Lekutai 1981; Ho & Hashim 1997). Beeson & Bhatia (1937) listed numerous host trees that show the species is clearly polyphagous. Liu et al. (2008a) described the gallery system in Cinnamomum cassia Presl (Lauraceae) from southeast Taiwan.