Key to known species of Galumnella from Asia and New Guinea

For the Asian region, 18 species have been described (Corpuz-Raros & Ermilov 2020; Subías 2022), and one Madagascan species, G. pauliani Balogh, 1961, has additionally been recorded for Vietnam (Vu et al. 2014).

1 Notogaster without network pattern....................................................................... 2

- Notogaster with network pattern......................................................................... 4

2 Posterior edge of notogaster with two small notches, body size: 380 × 290............................................................................... G. pauliani Balogh, 1960 . Distribution: Madagascar (type locality), Vietnam.

- Posterior edge of notogaster rounded, without two small notches................................................ 3

3 Prodorsum with two large teeth laterally; rostrum elongate, its length exceeds half the length of the prodorsum from its base to the level of the lamellar setae; body size: 464–457 × 348–398.. G. tiunovi Ermilov & Anichkin, 2013 . Distribution: Vietnam.

- Prodorsum without two large teeth laterally; rostrum shorter than half the length of the prodorsum from its base to the level of the lamellar setae; body size: 400–416 × 288–256............. G. indica Balakrishnan, 1989 . Distribution: India (Kerala).

4 Prodorsum with network pattern or irregular rugae.......................................................... 5

- Prodorsum without network pattern or irregular rugae........................................................ 9

5 Anterior half of prodorsum and marginal area of pteromorphs with irregular rugae; body size: 415–460 × 305–370...................................................................... G. angustifrons Aoki, 1970 . Distribution: Japan.

- Anterior half of prodorsum and marginal area of pteromorphs without irregular rugae............................... 6

6 Pteromorphs without network pattern; posterior edge of notogaster corrugated; body size: 381–398 × 265–282........................................... G. parageographica Ermilov et Kalúz, 20131. Distribution: India (Arunachal Pradesh).

- Pteromorphs with network pattern........................................................................ 7

7 Interlamellar ridge on prodorsum present, distinct; adanal seta ad 3 located anterolateral to anal aperture; postanal porose area absent; body size: 381–398 × 265–282.................................... G. subiasi sp. nov. Distribution: Vietnam.

- Interlamellar ridge on prodorsum absent; adanal seta ad 3 paraanal; postanal porose area present....................... 8

8 Lamellar seta setiform; rostrum projecting, but not strongly narrowed anteriorly; postanal porose area small; body size: 374– 415 × 299–327...................... G. geographica Mahunka, 1995 . Distribution: Borneo (type location) and Vietnam.

- Lamellar setae alveolar; rostrum strongly narrowed anteriorly; postanal porose area very small; body size: 302–355 × 242– 288............................................ G. pulchella (Aoki & Hu, 1993) . Distribution: China and Vietnam.

9 Pteromorphs with network pattern....................................................................... 10

- Pteromorphs without network pattern.................................................................... 14

10 Bothridial seta setiform; body size: 348–381 × 265–282... G. microporosa Ermilov & Anichkin, 2011 . Distribution: Vietnam.

- Bothridial setae with head dilated unilaterally.............................................................. 11

11 Bothridial setae smooth............................................................................... 12

- Bothridial setae barbed................................................................................ 13

12 Pteromorphs with large foveolae; postanal porose area present; body size: 275 × 195................................................................................... G. cellularis Balogh & Mahunka, 1967 . Distribution: Vietnam.

- Pteromorphs with microfoveolae; postanal porose area absent; body size: 350–410 × 260–280.................................................................... G. nonporosa Liang, Yang, Ren & Q. Zheng, 2019 . Distribution: China.

13 Tarsi with one claw; notogaster with polygonal network pattern; body size: 370–450 × 280–320................................................................. G. sidorchukae Liang, Yang, Ren & Q. Zheng, 2019 . Distribution: China.

- Tarsi with two claws; notogaster with irregular network pattern; body size: 294–316 × 223–240....................................................... G. (Bigalumnella) csavasorum (Mahunka, 1994) . Distribution: Thailand and Vietnam.

14 Interlamellar ridge on prodorsum present................................................................. 15

- Interlamellar median ridge on prodorsum absent or poorly visible.............................................. 16

15 Bothridial setae barbed; ventral shield without longitudinal ridge; body size: 298 × 235........................................................................................ G. woschitzi Balogh, 1970 . Distribution: New Guinea.

- Bothridial setae smooth; ventral shield with longitudinal ridge; body size: 398–431 × 282–315.................................................................. G. quezonensis Ermilov & Corpuz-Raros, 2017 . Distribution: Philippines.

16 Bothridial setae short, with strongly swollеn hеad; body size: 280–300 × 220–230........................................................................................ G. okinawana Aoki, 2009 . Distribution: Japan and Taiwan.

- Bothridial setae long, with lanceolate head or setiform, barbed or smooth........................................ 17

17 Bothridial setae smooth; anterior margin of ventral shield with triangular projection; body size: 280–300 × 220–230.................................................... G. processa Ermilov & Corpuz-Raros, 2017 . Distribution: Philippines.

- Bothridial setae barbed; anterior margin of ventral shield without triangular projection............................. 18

18 Prodorsum with a dorsal longitudinal ridge and lateral tooth-like projections; anterior tectum of epimere I well developed, forming trapezoidal and distally slightly concave anterior ledge; lines L and S distally divergent; barbs on bothridial seta same length; body size: 315–381 × 249–298.. G. junichiaokii Ermilov, Corpuz-Raros & Shimano, 2014 . Distribution: Philippines.

- Prodorsum without a dorsal longitudinal ridge and lateral tooth-like projections; anterior tectum of epimere I absent; lines L and S parallel; barbs on bothridial seta longer at the base of the head and gradually shorten towards its end; body size: 315–436 × 249–336............. G. nipponica Suzuki & Aoki, 1970 (see also Fujikawa et al. 2006). Distribution: Japan and Vietnam.