ODONTOBUTHUS DORIAE (THORELL, 1876)

(FIGS 1–5, 17A–D, 20C, 21C, 22C, TABLES 1–5)

Buthus doriae Thorell, 1876: 107–110; Simon, 1880: 29; Kraepelin, 1891: 57, 58, pl. I, figs 6, 10; Kraepelin, 1899: 27; Birula, 1900a: 10, 11; Pocock, 1900: 16–18, fig. 8B; Kraepelin, 1901: 267; Birula, 1905: 121, 122; Birula, 1910: 119, 120; Kraepelin, 1913: 124, 125; Werner, 1929: 243, 244; Werner, 1936: 204; Whittick, 1955: (unpaginated).

Buthus (Buthus) doriae: Birula, 1917: 23, 214; Roewer, 1943: 206.

Buthus (Buthus) doriae doriae: Birula, 1917: 239 .

Odontobuthus doriae: Vachon, 1950: 153, 154; Vachon, 1952: 326; Pringle, 1960: 83, fig. 8; Khalaf, 1963: 59; Vachon, 1966: 213; Habibi, 1971: 44; Kinzelbach, 1985: map I; Farzanpay, 1987: 154, 155; Farzanpay, 1988: 39; Farzanpay, 1990: 7; Sissom, 1990: 92, fig. 3.17J; El-Hennawy, 1992: 102, 128; Kovarik, 1997: 47, 49, fig. 11; Dehghani et al., 1998: 126; Kovarik, 1998: 115; Fet & Lowe, 2000: 187; Kovařík, 2002: 9; Lourenço & Pézier, 2002: 115, 116, 122, figs 1–4; Vignoli & Crucitti, 2005: 6–7; Pirali-Kheirabadi et al., 2009: 1, 3, 9, 13, figs 24–27; Lowe, 2010: 1, 2, 6, 15–17; Karataş et al., 2012: 116; Navidpour et al., 2012: 3, 14, 23, fig. 15; Mirshamsi et al., 2013: 160, 170; Mozaffari et al., 2013: 5414, fig.7; Navidpour et al., 2013: 12, 13, figs 7, 10, 38; Pirali-Kheirabadi et al., 2013: 48; Azghadi et al., 2014: 169–178, fig. 2d–f; Moradi et al., 2014: 8; Moradi et al., 2015: 13; Nazari et al., 2015: 257, 259; Ahmadimarzale et al., 2017: 337–339; Dehghani & Kassiri, 2017: 433– 438; Dehghani et al., 2017: 113–116; Navidpour et al., 2019: 2, 5; Barahoei et al., 2020: 400, 401, figs 19, 20.

Odonbuthus doriae: Pérez Minnocci, 1974: 28 .

Type material: Two syntypes (MCSN), IRAN: Tehran Province: Tehran .

Diagnosis: Odontobuthus doriae may be separated from other species of the genus by the following combination of characters. Scorpions of medium to large size, adults 48–72 mm (♂) and 64–84 mm (♀) (Fig. 17A–D). Colour yellow to pale yellow. Median ocular tubercle situated in anterior half of carapace, distance from anterior carapace margin, 0.32–0.37. Pedipalp chela movable finger long relative to manus (MFL / ML, 1.81–2.25). Median denticle rows of pedipalp chela fixed and movable fingers each comprising 13 or 14 oblique subrows of denticles. Pectinal tooth count, 30–32 (♂) and 21–25 (♀). Ventrosubmedian carinae of metasomal segments II and III each with three or four pairs of prominent tooth-like processes (Fig. 22C). Metasomal segment IV length to width (L/W), 1.70– 2.00. Ventrolateral carinae of metasomal segment V with four or five prominent lobate processes; anal arch with two large lobes laterally; posteroventral margin of segment V with six reduced lobes. Telson small, narrow, length to width (TL/W), 2.05–2.60 and length to height (TL/H), 2.14–2.71 (Figs 20C, 21C).

Distribution: Odontobuthus doriae is endemic to Iran and recorded in 14 provinces: Alborz; Chahar mahal and Bakhtiyari; East Azerbaijan; Esfahan; Hamadan; Ilam; Kermanshah; Lorestan; Qazvin; Qom; Semnan; Tehran; Yazd; Zanjan (Kraepelin, 1899; Pocock, 1900; Vachon, 1966; Habibi, 1971; Farzanpay, 1987, 1990; Kovařík, 1997, 2002; Dehghani et al., 1998, 2017; Lourenço & Pézier, 2002; Vignoli & Crucitti, 2005; Pirali-Kheirabadi et al., 2009, 2013; Lowe, 2010; Karataş et al., 2012; Navidpour et al., 2012, 2019; Mozaffari et al., 2013; Azghadi et al., 2014; Moradi et al., 2014, 2015; Nazari et al., 2015; Ahmadimarzale et al., 2017).

Records of O. doriae from Kerman Province (Dehghani et al., 2008: 176; Navidpour et al., 2011: 13) are misidentifications of O. kermanus . Records from Hormozgan Province (Shahi et al., 2008: 211; Fekri et al., 2012: 137; Navidpour et al., 2013: 12) are probably misidentifications of O. baluchicus . Material originating from Fars, Kermanshah, Ilam, Lorestan and Yazd provinces require further investigation. Material from Kermanshah, Ilam and Lorestan provinces, to the east of the Zagros Mountains, may be referable to O. bidentatus; from the north, east, and southwest of Fars, to O. doriae, O. kermanus and O. bidentatus, respectively; and from Yazd, to O. kermanus .

Material examined: IRAN: Semnan Province: Mehdishahr, Darjazin, 35°37′N 53°21′E, 4388 m, 5.viii.2018, M. Amiri, night with UV light, two ♀♀ (ZMFUM); Semnan, T . Habibi, one ♂, two ♀♀, one subad. ♂, one subad. ♀ (ZMFUM) ; Semnan, Desert Research Center, 35°35′N 53°26′E; 1182 m, 1.viii.2004, Mohammadi, two ♀♀ (ZMFUM) . Tehran Province: Teheran, Von Brandis, seven ♀♀, one subad. ♀ (ZMB 7500); Teheran, 1903, one ♂, one ♀ (SAM 6511 ex Museo Torino); Tehran, 15 km SE, 30°41′N 51°25′E, 30.v.2011, O. Mirshamsi, two ♂♂, 28 ♀♀ (ZMFUM); Varamin, v.2005, S. Tehrani, one ♀ [AMCC (LP 4350)]; Varamin, Pishva, Ghale boland village; 39°19′N 51°39′E, 27.x.2008, Mohammadi, one ♂ (ZMFUM) . Yazd Province: Ardakan, 10 km E, 32°19′N 54°15′E, 1235 m, 11.iv.2004, V . Vignoli & P. Crucitti, VVZC Y165 , one ♀ [AMCC (LP 2908)] .