Identification key for species of subgenus Harpactopus

Males

1. Arolia absent; labial palpomeres 2–4 extremely shortened, club-shaped (Fig. 5a, b); maxillar palpomere 6 inconspicuous (Fig. 6a, b); S6 with pair of teeth posterolaterally (Fig. 7a, b); placoids on F3–F6 broad, flat (Fig. 4d) ( persicus group) ........ 2

– Arolia present; labial palpomeres 2–4 short, usual or elongate, not club-shaped; maxillar palpomere 6 conspicuous; S6 entire or angularly convex posterolaterally, without teeth; placoids on flagellomeres narrow or broad.......................... 3

2. Labial palpomere 1 elongate: 3–4 × as long as combined length of club-shaped palpomeres 2–4 (Fig. 5a); S6 with distinctly prominent teeth posterolaterally (Fig. 7a)............................................. P. (H.) persicus (Mocsáry)

– Labial palpomere 1 short: 1–1.5 × as long as combined length of club-shaped palpomeres 2–4 (Fig. 5b); S6 with slightly prominent teeth posterolaterally (Fig. 7b)........................................... P. (H.) radoszkowskyi (Kohl)

3. Placoids on F3–F6 broad with medial line of setae (Fig. 4f); labial palpomere 2 most elongate (Fig. 5i); Australia ( globosus group) ........................................................................ P. (H.) globosus (F. Smith)

– Placoids on flagellomeres broad or narrow, not bold without medial line of setae................................... 4

4. S6 angularly convex posterolaterally (Fig. 7c, d); placoids on F3–F6 broad, flat (Fig. 4d); labial palpomeres 2–4 short (Fig. 5c, d) ( macula group) .................................................................................... 5

– S6 entire; placoids on flagellomeres narrow, depressed; labial palpomeres 2–4 usual or elongate...................... 7

5. Scutum without appressed, silvery setae................................................ P. (H.) chobauti (Roth)

– Scutum with appressed, silvery setae..................................................................... 6

6. Pronotum and vertex with appressed, silvery setae; wings dark or smoky.................... P. (H.) macula (Fabricius)

– Pronotum and vertex without appressed, silvery setae; wings intensely dark with purple reflexes... P. (H.) funebris (Berland)

7. Wings dark; labial palpomeres distinctly elongate: palpomere 3 5 × as long as wide or longer (Fig. 5g, h); reccurent vein II of forewing interstitial with 1 st intersubmarginal vein or received by submarginal cell III at its basal angle ( stschurowskii group) ................................................................................................... 8

– Wings yellow, dark or smoky; labial palpomeres usual: palpomere 3 3 × as long as wide (Fig. 5e, f); recurrent vein II of forewing received by submarginal cell III ( crudelis group).................................................... 9

8. F3–F6 with placoids (Fig. 4c); face with appressed, silvery setae................ P. (H.) stschurowskii (Radoszkowski)

– F3–F8 (in some specimens F3–F7) with placoids (Fig. 4e); face without appressed, silvery setae................................................................................................ P. (H.) melanotus (F. Morawitz)

9. Wings yellow or dark; body black....................................................................... 10

– Wings smoky or slightly yellowish basally; body brownish................................................... 14

10. Propodeal enclosure with black setae not concealing integument; body length often smaller, up to 18 mm .............. 11

– Propodeal enclosure with long, dense, hairlike black setae moderately concealing integument; body length often larger, more than 18 mm ........................................................................................ 12

11. F3–F6 with placoids (Fig. 4c); S4–S6 without long black setae........................ P. (H.) subfuscatus (Dahlbom)

– F3–F4 with placoids (Fig. 4b); S4–S6 with long black setae apically........................ P. (H.) saevus (F. Smith)

12. Wings dark...................................................................... P. (H.) indus (Linnaeus)

– Wings yellow....................................................................................... 13

13. F3–F5 with placoids (Fig. 4a); mesopleuron ventrally rugose............................. P. (H.) crudelis (F. Smith)

– F3–F4 with placoids (Fig. 4b); mesopleuron ventrally smooth and shiny with sparse punctures.................................................................................................. P. (H.) judaeus (de Beaumont)

14. North Africa...................................................................... P. (H.) reymondi (Roth)

– Iran ...................................................................... P. (H.) zarudnyi (Gussakovskij)

Females

1. Arolia absent; tarsal rake with short, stout, bladelike setae; labial palpomeres 2–4 extremely shortened, club-shaped (Fig. 5a, b); maxillar palpomere 6 inconspicuous (Fig. 6a, b) ( persicus group) ........................................... 2

– Arolia present; tarsal rake with long bladelike and hairlike setae; labial palpomeres 2–4 short, usual or elongate, not club-shaped; maxillar palpomere 6 conspicuous................................................................. 3

2. Labial palpomere 1 elongate: 3–4 × as long as combined length of club-shaped palpomere 2–4 (Fig. 5a); scutum with appressed, silvery setae and thick, black, erect setae............................................. P. (H.) persicus (Mocsáry)

– Labial palpomere 1 short: 1–1.5 × as long as combined length of club-shaped palpomere 2–4 (Fig. 5b); scutum with black erect setae, without appressed, silvery setae............................................. P. (H.) radoszkowskyi (Kohl)

3. Clypeus with U-shaped median notch (Fig. 1); recurrent vein II of forewing received by submarginal cell III; labial palpomeres 2–4 usual (Fig. 5e, f); wings yellow, dark or smoky ( crudelis group) ............................................ 4

– Clypeus entire, slightly emarginate anteriorly; labial palpomeres 2–4 short or elongate; wings dark, smoky, or dark with purple reflexes........................................................................................... 10

4. Wings yellow or dark; body black........................................................................ 5

– Wings smoky or slightly yellowish basally; body brownish.................................................... 9

5. Head and mesosoma with dark setae; propodeal enclosure with long, dense, hairlike black setae; tarsal rake of foreleg with long, stout, bladelike and some hairlike setae................................................................... 7

– Head and mesosoma with pale setae; propodeal enclosure without long, dense, black setae, only with sparse light setae; tarsal rake of foreleg only with some long, stout, bladelike setae.................................................... 6

6. Mandible black; Palaearctic, Afrotropical and Oriental regions........................ P. (H.) subfuscatus (Dahlbom)

– Mandible reddish mesally; Australasian region......................................... P. (H.) saevus (F. Smith)

7. Wings dark...................................................................... P. (H.) indus (Linnaeus)

– Wings yellow........................................................................................ 8

8. Mesopleuron ventrally rugose; larger: 24–35 mm ...................................... P. (H.) crudelis (F. Smith)

– Mesopleuron ventrally smooth and shiny with sparse punctures; smaller: up to 24 mm ...... P. (H.) judaeus (de Beaumont)

9. North Africa...................................................................... P. (H.) reymondi (Roth)

– Iran ...................................................................... P. (H.) zarudnyi (Gussakovskij)

10. Labial palpomeres 2–4 short (Fig. 5c, d) ( macula group) .................................................... 12

– Labial palpomeres 2–4 elongate (Fig. 5g, h, i)............................................................. 11

11. Mandible reddish; labial palpomere 2 most elongate (Fig. 5i); tarsal rake of foreleg with long, hairlike setae and short, stout, bladelike setae; Australia ( globosus group) ........................................... P. (H.) globosus (F. Smith)

– Mandible black; labial palpomere 2–4 elongate (Fig. 5g, h); tarsal rake of foreleg with long, bladelike and numerous long, fine, hairlike setae; Palaearctic ( stschurowskii group)........................................................... 14

12. Scutum without appressed, silvery setae (Fig. 8a)........................................ P. (H.) chobauti (Roth)

– Scutum with appressed, silvery setae.................................................................... 13

13. Pronotum and vertex with appressed, silvery setae (Fig. 8c); wings dark or smoky............ P. (H.) macula (Fabricius)

– Pronotum and vertex without appressed, silvery setae (Fig. 8b); wings intensely dark with purple reflexes.............................................................................................. P. (H.) funebris (Berland)

14. Face, pronotum and scutum with appressed, silvery setae (Fig. 8h)............... P. (H.) stschurowskii (Radoszkowski)

– Face, pronotum and scutum without appressed, silvery setae (Fig. 8e)................. P. (H.) melanotus (F. Morawitz)