obscura (Haliday)

Leucopis obscura Haliday, 1833: 173 . Type locality: Ireland. Lectotype male, NMID (not examined). References — González & Rojas, 1966: 139 (biological control, released in 1945 in Chile against Pineus boerneri, establishment unknown); Zúñiga, 1985: 182 (biological control, released in 1945 in Chile against Pineus boerneri, established); Mills, 1990: 32 (biology), 34 (biological control, released in 1945 in Chile against Pineus laevis [= P. boerneri], good control); Artigas, 1994: 468 (biological control against Pineus boerneri); Kidd & Jervis, 1997: 50 (biological control, released in Chile against Pineus boerneri, substantial control); Vargas, 1998: 16 (biological control, released in 1903–1997 in Chile against Pineus boerneri); Day et al., 2003: 105 (biological control); Rojas, 2005: 120 (in list, with author given as Haldeman).

Leucopis (Neoleucopis) obscura . References — McAlpine, 1971: 1852 (in key), 1854 (Figures 1 –2 [head], 7, 10 [abdomen]), 1856 (Figures 13–16 [male genitalia]), 1860 (redescription), 1861 (lectotype designation); Tanasijtshuk, 1986: 167 (redescription), 168 (Figures 261–262 [male genitalia]); Greathead, 1995: 86 (biology, biological control), 87 (discussion).

Neoleucopis obscura . References — Brown&Clark,1956:272 (combination,biological control),273(Figures 1 [egg], 4 [first, second, third instars], 7 [puparium], 10 [adult]), 274 (Figures 13 [cephalopharyngeal skeleton, first instar], 15 [cephalopharyngeal skeleton, second instar], 17 [cephalopharyngeal skeleton, third instar], 19 [posterior spiracle, third instar], 21 [puparium]), 275 (larval descriptions), 277 (puparial description), 278 (adult redescription), 1957: 533 (biology, biological control); Tanasijtshuk, 1992: 225 (status); Gaimari et al., 2011: 155 (comment); Ross et al., 2012: 98 (biology); Gaimari & Havill, 2021: 2 (comment), 26 (in key), 34 (biology, catalog). Distribution — Chile. [also includes Europe; North America (introduced); Hawaii (introduced)]. Host Records —Various species of Adelges on Abies, including Adelges prelli infesting Abies alba, Adelges piceae infesting Abies balsamea, Adelges sp. infesting Abies nordmanniana; various species of Pineus infesting Pinus, including Pineus pini infesting Pinus sylvestris, Pineus strobi infesting Pinus cembra, and Pineus boerneri . Note —In Chile, this species was introduced as a biological control agent against Pineus boerneri in 1945.

Leucopis hyalipennis Zetterstedt, 1848: 2715 .Type locality: Sweden, Gottland, Fårö Island, Ulla hau [Gottlandia, Olle Hau]. Lectotype male, MZLU (not examined). References — McAlpine, 1971: 1860 (synonymy), 1861 (lectotype designation).

Leucopis olivacea Meijere, 1928: 75 . Type locality: Netherlands. Lectotype male, ZMAN (examined). References —Tanasijtshuk, 2004: 228 (catalog); Jong, 2000: 155 (type information); Gaimari & Havill, 2021: 33 (synonymy, lectotype designation).