Pagurus aff. brevidactylus (Stimpson, 1859)

(Figs. 19 A–E, 20A, B)

Eupagurus brevidactylus Stimpson, 1858: 237 [nomen nudum]; 1859: 45 [type locality: Bathsheba, Barbados, West Indies, neotype designed by McLaughlin 1975: 360]; Stimpson 1859: 91; Alcock 1905: 181.

Pagurus brevidactylus .— Gordan 1956: 327; Fausto-Filho 1970: 71, 1974: 9; Felder 1973: 26; McLaughlin 1975: 360, figs. 1–3; Camp et al. 1977: 29; Heck 1977: 339; Felder & Chaney 1979: 10; Sánchez & Campos 1978: 41, fig. 13 [mislabeled as Pagurus annulipes (Stimpson, 1860)]; Lemaitre et al. 1982: 675; Coelho & Ramos-Porto 1986: 40; Rieger 1998: 413; Melo 1999: 122, fig. 66; Boschi 2000: 104; Coelho et al. 2007: 10, tab. 4; Nucci & Melo 2007: 48; Almeida et al. 2010: 337; McLaughlin et al. 2010: 34; Lemaitre & Tavares 2015: 492.

Pagurus miamensis Provenzano, 1959: 414, fig. 21 [type locality: Miami Beach, Florida]; Provenzano 1960: 119, 1961: 158; Coelho 1964: 255; Pequegnat & Ray 1974: 243.

Pagurus miamensis miamensis Forest & de Saint Laurent, 1968: 116, 124, figs. 97, 98; Coelho & Ramos, 1972: 164: 255.

Pagurus miamensis uncifer Forest & de Saint Laurent, 1968: 122, figs. 78, 79, 95, 98 [type locality: Sítio Forte Bay, Ilha Grande, Angra dos Reis]; Fausto-Filho 1970: 71; Coelho & Ramos 1972: 164; Scelzo & Boschi 1973: 214; McLaughlin 1974: 41.

Pagurus brevidactilus .— Scelzo & Boschi 1973: 214 [misspelling]

Pagurus brevidactylus .— Provenzano 1959: 412, fig. 20; Williams 1965: 132, fig. 107; Forest & de Saint Laurent 1968: 116, 12; McLaughlin 1974: 41; Mercando & Lytle 1980: 338 [= Pagurus carolinensis McLaughlin, 1975, not Pagurus brevidactylus (Stimpson, 1859)].

Trindade specimens. 1 male (MZUSP 36255), Brazil, Espírito Santo, Trindade Island, Praia das Tartarugas, 20°31’01.3”S, 29°17’56.9”W, J.B. Mendonça coll., 12.vii.2013, SCUBA, 10.8 m ; 1 ovigerous female, 1 female, 1 male (MZUSP 36269), idem, Trindade Island, Ponta Norte, 20°29’18.7”S, 29°20’18.3”W, J.B. Mendonça coll., 01.iv.2014 ; 2 males (MZUSP 36288), idem, Ponta Norte, 20°29’18.7”S, 29°20’18.3”W, J.B. Mendonça coll., 23.vi.2016, SCUBA, 11.3 m ; 1 ovigerous female (MZUSP 36258), idem, Praia dos Cabritos, 20°29”32.0”S, 29°19’46.5”W, J.B. Mendonça coll., 28.iv.2014, SCUBA, 9.2 m ; 1 male (MZUSP 36248), idem, Praia das Orelhas, 20°29’40.2”S, 29°20’32.9”W, J.B. Mendonça coll., 24.x.2014, SCUBA, 15.4 m ; 1 male (MZUSP 36217), idem, Praia das Orelhas, 20°29’40.2”S, 29°20’32.9”W, J.B. Mendonça coll., 18.iv.2014, SCUBA, 12.1 m ; 3 ovigerous females, 1 male, 1 female (MZUSP 36260), idem, Enseada de Orelhas, 20°29’40.2”S, 29°20’32.9”W, J.B. Mendonça coll., 06.vii.2013, SCUBA, 14 m ; 1 male (MZUSP 36294), idem, Praia das Orelhas, 20°29’32.3”S, 29°20’32.6”W, J.B. Mendonça coll., 22.vi.2012 ; 1 female (MZUSP 36304), idem, Praia das Orelhas, 20°29’40.2”S, 29°20’32.9”W, J.B. Mendonça coll., 01.vii.2016, SCUBA, 9.2 m ; 2 males (MZUSP 36310), idem, Praia das Orelhas, 20°29’40.2”S, 29°20’32.9”W, J.B. Mendonça coll., 20.x.2014, SCUBA, 14.1 m ; 1 male (MZUSP 36221), idem, Praia das Orelhas, 20°29’40.2”S, 29°20’32.9”W, J.B. Mendonça coll., 21.vii.2015, SCUBA, 15 m ; 2 males (MZUSP 36381), idem, Enseada do Príncipe, Pedra da Garoupa, 20°29’52.3”S, 29°19’15.6”W, J.B. Mendonça coll., 15.vii.2013, SCUBA, 14.3 m ; 1 male (MZUSP 36242), idem, Praia do Príncipe, 20°31’20.1”S, 29°18’34.7”W, J.B. Mendonça coll., 19.vi.2012, SCUBA, 12.2 m ; 2 ovigerous females, 1 male, 1 ovigerous female (MZUSP 36249), idem, Enseada dos Portugueses, stn Farol, 20°29’52.3”S, 29°19’15.6”W, J.B. Mendonça coll., 20.v.2014, SCUBA, 13.1 m ; 4 males, 2 females (MZUSP 36261), idem, Enseada dos Portugueses, stn Farol, 20°29’52.3”S, 29°19’15.6”W, J.B. Mendonça coll., 06.vii.2015, SCUBA, 12.6 m ; 3 males, 1 ovigerous female (MZUSP 36264), idem, Enseada dos Portugueses, stn Farol, 20°29’52.3”S, 29°19’15.6”W, J.B. Mendonça coll., 08.iv.2014, SCUBA, 12.9 m ; 2 males (MZUSP 36267), idem, Enseada dos Portugueses, stn Farol, 20°29’52.3”S, 29°19’15.6”W, J.B. Mendonça coll., 06.vii.2015, SCUBA ; 6 males, 3 ovigerous females (MZUSP 36292), idem, Enseada dos Portugueses, stn Farol, 20°29’52.3”S, 29°19’15.6”W, J.B. Mendonça coll., 23.x.2014, SCUBA, 12.5 m ; 2 males (MZUSP 36293), idem, Praia dos Portugueses, 20°30’17.7”S, 29°18’56.7”W, J.B. Mendonça coll., 08.vii.2015, SCUBA, 11.6 m ; 1 male (MZUSP 36325), idem, Enseada dos Portugueses, stn Farol, 20°29’52.3”S, 29°19’15.6”W, J.B. Mendonça coll., 10.vii.2012, SCUBA, 13.2 m ; 1 male (MZUSP 36262), idem, Ponta do Monumento, 20°30’10.3”S, 29°20’36.1”W, J.B. Mendonça coll., 16.vi.2012, SCUBA, 12.1 m ; 1 male (MZUSP 36317), idem, Ponta do Monumento, 20°30’10.3”S, 29°30’36.1”W, J.B. Mendonça coll., 02.iv.2014, SCUBA, 8.4 m ; 1 male (MZUSP 36066), idem, Ponta do Monumento, 20°30’10.3”S, 29°20’36.1”W, J.B. Mendonça coll., 16.vi.2012, 12.1 m ; 1 male (MZUSP 39878), idem, Ponta da Calheta, 20°30’18.72”S, 29°18’31.6”W, J.B. Mendonça coll., 04.xii.2017, SCUBA, 17.2 m ; 1 female, 2 males (MZUSP 36253), idem, Ponta da Calheta, 20°30’18.7”S, 29°18’31.6”W, J.B. Mendonça coll., 20.v.2014, SCUBA, 16.3 m ; 2 males (MZUSP 36414), idem, Ponta da Calheta, 20°30’18.72”S, 29°18’31.67”W, J.B. Mendonça coll., 25.vi.2015, artificial reef substrate ; 1 male (MZUSP 36300), idem, Praia da Calheta, 20°30’29.5”S, 29°18’37.0”W, J.B. Mendonça coll., 10.iv.2014, snorkeling, 5 m ; 2 ovigerous females, 2 males, 1 female (MZUSP 36254), idem, Ilha da Racha, 20°30’26.5”S, 29°20’48.0”W, J.B. Mendonça coll., 01.vii.2016, SCUBA, 21.4 m ; 2 females, 2 males (MZUSP 36279), idem, Ilha da Racha, 20°30’26.5”S, 29°20’48”W, J.B. Mendonça coll., 01.vii.2016, SCU- BA, 21.4 m ; 2 males (MZUSP 36312), idem, Ilha da Racha, 20°30’26.5”S, 29°2048.0”W, J.B. Mendonça coll., 16.vii.2012, SCUBA, 24.9 m ; 1 female (MZUSP 36287), idem, Ponta dos Andradas, 20°30’45.7”S, 29°18’21.9”W, J.B. Mendonça coll., 21.vii.2013, tide pool; 1 male (MZUSP 36257), idem, Praia dos Andradas, 20°30’45.7”S, 29°18’21.9”W, J.B. Mendonça coll., 24.vii.2013, SCUBA, 12.3 m ; 2 males (MZUSP 36268), idem, Enseada do Lixo, 20°31’33.9”S, 29°19’33.6”W, J.B. Mendonça coll., 24.vi.2012; 1 ovigerous female , 3 males (MZUSP 36297), idem, Praia do Lixo, 20°31’29.8”S, 29°19’43.9”W, J.B. Mendonça coll., 04.xi.2014, SCUBA, 15.4 m ; 4 males (MZUSP 36318), idem, Enseada do Lixo, 20°31’29.8”S, 29°19’43.9”W, J.B. Mendonça coll., 22.iv.2014, SCUBA, 14.5 m ; 1 ovigerous female (MZUSP 33016), idem, Ilha Sul, 20°31’34”S, 29°19’27.98”W, J.B. Mendonça coll., SCUBA, 22.2 m ; 1 male, 1 ovigerous female (MZUSP 36272), idem, Praia das Tartarugas, 20°31’01.3”S, 29°17’56.9”W, J.B. Mendonça coll., 03.vii.2013 ; 1 male (MZUSP 36295), idem, Enseada da Cachoeira, Farrilhões, 20°31’22.4”S, 29°19’52”W, J.B. Mendonça coll., 20.vi.2012, SCUBA, 11.8 m ; 1 male (MZUSP 36298), idem, Enseada da Cachoeira, Farrilhões, 20°31’22.4”S, 29°19’52.0”W, J.B. Mendonça coll., 04.iv.2014, SCUBA, 12.2 m ; 1 male, 1 ovigerous female (MZUSP 36307), idem, Enseada da Cachoeira, Farrilhões, 20°31’22.4”S, 29°19’52.0”W, J.B. Mendonça coll., 25.x.2014, SCUBA, 10.7 m ; 1 female (MZUSP 36308), idem, Enseada da Cachoeira, Farrilhões, 20°31’29.8”S, 29°19’52.0”W, J.B. Mendonça coll., 13.xi.2014, SCUBA, 18.8 m ; 1 female (MZUSP 36303), idem, Enseada da Cachoeira, Farrilhões, 20°31’22.4”S, 29°19’52.0”W, J.B. Mendonça coll., 08.vii.2013, SCUBA, 9.5 m ; 1 ovigerous female (MZUSP 36326), idem, Enseada da Cachoeira, 20°30’57.1”S, 29°20’15.2”W, J.B. Mendonça coll., 09.vii.2012, SCUBA, 13.8 m ; 3 males, 1 ovigerous female (MZUSP 36252), idem, Enseada da Cachoeira, Farrilhões, 20°31’22.4”S, 29°19’52.0”W, J.B. Mendonça coll., 09.vii.2013, SCUBA, 10.4 m ; 2 females (MZUSP 36259), idem, Paredão, 20°31’36.9”S, 29°18’14.3”W, J.B. Mendonça coll., 19.vi.2012, SCUBA, 19 m ; 1 male (MZUSP 36290), idem, Paredão, 30°31’36.9”S, 29°18’14.3”W, J.B. Mendonça coll., 20.vi.2012, SCUBA, 20 m ; Comparative material examined. Pagurus brevidactylus: 1 male (MZUSP 34613), United States, Texas, Murphy’s Reef off South Padre Island, 26°23’N, 97°00’W, M. Wicksten coll., 10.viii.2006, SCUBA, 32 m ; 1 male, 1 female (MZUSP 9440), Brazil, Pernambuco, Fernando de Noronha, Ponta da Sapata, P.S. Young coll., 03.xii.1988 ; 1 male (MZUSP 36225), Brazil, Pernambuco, Fernando de Noronha, Ilha da Rata, Buraco do Inferno, 03°48’31.24”S, 32°22’52.71”W, L.R. Simone coll., 05.v.2013, 5– 10 m ; 1 male, 1 ovigerous female (MZUSP 36038), Brazil, Paraíba, João Pessoa, “Queimado” shipwreck, 07°05.070’S, 34°44.852’W, L.R. Simone coll., SCUBA, 15 m ; 1 male (MZUSP 13380), Brazil, Bahia, Salvador, Praia de Itapuã, L.R. Simone coll., 23–27.ii.1997 ; 1 male (MZUSP 28040), Brazil, Bahia, Boipeba, Castelhanos, sta 8, 13°39.957’S, 38°53.582’W, Tavares et al. coll., 19.ix.2012 ; 1 male (MZUSP 22153), Brazil, Rio de Janeiro, Angra dos Reis, Ilha Jorge Grego, V.S. Amaral & A.P. Dornellos coll., 08/ 09.viii.2009 ; 1 male, 1 female (MZUSP 28300), Brazil, São Paulo, São Sebastião, Arquipélago de Alcatrazes, sta Ponto 1— Costa Sul Portinho, 24°06’22.01”S, 45°41’36.26”W, L.R. Simone et al., coll., 04.xii.2012 ; 2 males (32772), Brazil, São Paulo, São Sebastião, Parcel da Pedra Lisa, sta Ponto 5, 23°46’S, 45°15’W, IV Workshop of Neograstropoda coll., 25–30.viii.2014, 0–10 m ; 1 male (MZUSP 13808), Brazil, Santa Catarina, Porto Belo, xii.1998; 1 male (MZUSP 16961), Brazil, Santa Catarina, Ilha do Arvoredo, Andrea-FURG coll .

Distribution. Bermuda, Florida, Gulf of Mexico, throughout the Caribbean Sea and Atlantic coast of South America from Venezuela to Santa Catarina, Brazil (Lemaitre & Tavares 2015). Trindade Island, this study.

Color. In life (Fig. 19 A–E), shield with reddish brown, longitudinal stripes/spots laterally on a whitish background; posteromedian plate with many small white spots on a light purple background, extending to the posterior branchiostergite. Ocular peduncles distinctly bicolor, pale brown proximally, dark blue to black distally; corneas reddish; ocular acicles white. Antennular and antennal peduncles pale blue or royal blue; antennal flagellum brown, interrupted every 3–6 articles by 2 white articles. Chelipeds with propodi, carpi, and meri white with broad pale or dark brown patch proximally. Ambulatory legs whitish, sometimes with longitudinal pale orange stripes; dactyli and propodi each with one proximal, transverse dark band; carpi and meri each with one median, transverse dark band.

Remarks. For many years there have been evidences for the existence of cryptic species in P. brevidactylus, including differences in color pattern (Lemaitre et al. 1982; Lemaitre & Tavares 2015). Pagurus brevidactylus is widely distributed in the western Atlantic shores from Bermuda (~ 32°N) to Santa Catarina, Brazil (~ 27°S), but is also known from the oceanic islands of Fernando de Noronha (Nucci & Melo 2007) and Trindade (this report). The color pattern in life for P. brevidactylus (Stimpson, 1859) s. str. was described in detail by McLaughlin (1975) based on the male neotype, sl 2.1 mm, obtained from the type locality, Barbados (~ 13°N). The population from Trindade (~ 20°S) diverge in color pattern from the specimens from northern localities (for instance Barbados, aff. MacLaughlin 1975; Saint Martin, Fig. 19F), but in the absence of additional evidence it is herein, only tentatively, attributed to P. brevidactylus (Stimpson, 1859) .

Pagurus aff. brevidactylus differs in color pattern from P. brevidactylus s. str. (cf. McLaughlin 1975) in having (1) ocular peduncles distinctly bicolor, with a pale brown transverse band proximally and a dark blue to black distal band, Fig. 19 A–E (vs. “ocular peduncles mottled light pink with brownish and greenish-black stripes” throughout the length of the peduncle in P. brevidactylus, Fig. 19F); (2) antennular peduncles distinctly blue, Fig. 19A, C (vs. antennular peduncles “greenish or brownish-black” in P. brevidactylus, Fig. 19F); (3) ambulatory legs whitish, occassionally with slender, longitudinal pale orange stripes; dactyli and propodi each with one proximal, transverse dark band each; carpus and merus with one median, transverse dark band each, Fig. 19 A–D (vs. ambulatory legs “white with dorsal, lateral, mesial and ventral longitudinal [distinct] stripes of greenish or brownish black and darker broad transverse band medially on each segment, lateral faces also with median longitudinal stripe of red or reddish-brown, occasionally greenish-brown” in P. brevidactylus, Fig. 19F).