Pelophryne ingeri Matsui, 2019 — Native.

Pelophryne ingeri Matsui, 2019: 131 . Holotype: KUHE 15647, by original designation. Type locality: “near a pond in Genting Highlands, State of Pahang, Malaysia (03°24’N, 101°46’E, 850 m a.s.l.)”.

Inger’s Short-legged Dwarf Toad

(Figure 4D)

Singapore records.

Nectophryne guentheri (non Boulenger, 1882)— Flower, 1896: 910 (Bukit Timah [BTNR]).— Flower, 1900: 908 (Bukit Timah [BTNR]).— Hanitsch, 1899: 11.—A.L. Butler, 1901: 698 (Bukit Timah [BTNR]).—A.L. Butler, 1904: 394 (Bukit Timah [BTNR]).—Roux, 1906: 62.— Boulenger, 1912: 268.— Hanitsch, 1912b: 18.— Boulenger, 1920a: 296.—van Kampen, 1923: 69.— Bourret, 1942: 159.

Pelophryne guentheri (non Boulenger, 1882)—Barbour, 1938: 193 (after van Kampen, 1923).

Pelophryne brevipes (non Peters, 1867)— Inger, 1966: 81, 82, 85–87.— Grandison, 1972: 54.—K.K.P. Lim, 1989b: 170.—K.P. Lim, 1990b: 13 (Fern Valley [BTNR]).—K.K.P. Lim & L.M. Chou, 1990: 56.—K.K.P. Lim & C.M. Yang, 1991: 221 (Fern Valley [BTNR]).—K.K.P. Lim & F.L.K. Lim, 1992: 24, 143.—L.M. Chou et al., 1994: 93.—K.K.P. Lim, 1994: 210, 330.—P.K.L. Ng et al., 1995: 112.—K.K.P. Lim, 1996: 50.—R.C.H. Teo & Rajathurai, 1997: 397 (Fern Valley [BTNR]).— Manthey & Grossmann, 1997: 42.—Chan-ard et al., 1999: 13.—T.M. Leong & L.M. Chou, 1999: 94, 96.— Iskandar & Colijn, 2000: 22.—T.M. Leong, 2000: 6.—K.P. Lim & F.L.K. Lim, 2002: 144.—Bickford et al., 2010: 123.—T.M. Leong, 2011: 22.

Pelophryne signata (non Boulenger, 1895)—K.K.P. Lim & T.M. Leong, 2008: 156, 264.—N. Baker & K.P. Lim, 2008: 158.—T.M. Leong & S.C. Teo, 2009: 21–25 (Bukit Timah Nature Reserve).— Corlett, 2011a: 51.—L.L. Grismer, 2011a: 49.—T.M. Leong, 2011: 21.—T.M. Leong & Gan, 2011: 24.— P.K.L. Ng et al., 2011: 485.—N. Baker & K.P. Lim, 2012: 158.—K.Y. Chong et al., 2013: 289.— E.K. Chua, 2015: 54.—R.C.H. Teo & Thomas, 2019: 150, 179 (Bukit Timah Nature Reserve; Hindhede Quarry).

Pelophryne ingeri Matsui, 2019: 135 .

Remarks. Through molecular analysis, Chan & Grismer (2019) showed deep divergence between P. signata populations in Borneo with those of Peninsular Malaysia and Sumatra. The latter two populations, including Singapore, were subsequently redescribed as P. ingeri by Matsui (2019). Until two individuals were heard calling from Hindhede Quarry, P. ingeri was only definitively known from Fern Valley in BTNR (Teo & Thomas 2019). Early records indicate that P. ingeri was observed in Bukit Timah, but do not specify exact localities (Flower 1896; Flower 1900; Butler 1901). It remains unknown whether P. ingeri previously inhabited other parts of BTNR and whether its distribution has since retracted to Fern Valley. The recent detection of individuals calling from Hindhede Quarry suggest that P. ingeri may be expanding its range. Pelophryne ingeri was first reported from Singapore by Flower (1896) based on a specimen he examined in NHMUK that was collected by Ridley, and from two specimens he collected in Bukit Timah in 1895. After Ridley collected another specimen in 1898 (Flower 1900), and Ridley and Butler collected another in 1900 (Butler 1904), P. ingeri was not recorded again in Singapore until 89 years later when two specimens were collected on 21 November and 16 December 1989 (Lim 1990b).

Occurrence. Restricted to BTNR and HHNP. Locally common.

Singapore conservation status. Critically Endangered.

Conservation priority. Highest.

IUCN conservation status. Not Evaluated.

LKCNHM & NHMUK Museum specimens. Singapore (no locality): BMNH 1895.1.8.14 (no date), BMNH 1896.6.25.97–98 (no date); Bukit Timah Nature Reserve: ZRC.1.12425– ZRC.1.12429 (24-Jun-2008), ZRC.1.1760 (27-Nov-1989) .

Additional Singapore museum specimens. Singapore (no locality): KU; Bukit Timah Nature Reserve: CAS.

Singapore localities. Bukit Timah Nature Reserve—Hindhede Nature Park.

Family Dicroglossidae Anderson, 1871 (7 species)

Dicroglossidae Anderson, 1871: 38 (type genus Dicroglossus Ģnther, 1860).

Genus Fejervarya Bolkay, 1915 (2 species)

Rana (Fejérvárya) Bolkay, 1915: 172–178, 181, 183 (type species: Rana limnocharis Gravenhorst, 1829, by subsequent designation by Dubois, 1981: 238, 241; gender feminine).