Tribe Cnesterodontini Hubbs, new usage

[Clade 111]

Cnesterodontini Hubbs, 1924: 8 .

Type-genus: Cnesterodon Garman, 1895

Diagnosis. Cnesterodontins share the following uniquely derived and unreversed features: (1) males with five pelvicfin rays [33-1**]; (2) pedicel in R3 united to R4 [90-1**]; (3) pedicel at tip of R3 [91-1**]; and (4) membranous appendix at tip of R3 [92-1**].

Additionally, the tribe Cnesterodontini can be diagnosed by the following not uniquely derived and/or reversed features: (1) absence of an epiotic process [3-3]; (2) posterior section of posterior remnant of infraorbital system opened into a groove [7-1]; (3) preorbital canal absent or opened, forming a very shallow groove [9-2]; (4) post-temporal unbranched [31-1]; (5) females with five pelvic-fin rays [44-1]; (6) pleural ribs 6, 7, and 8 in adult males curved forward converging to the same point towards pelvic girdle [59-2*]; (7) eight dorsal-fin rays (males and females) [64-2]; (8) adult males with anterior process on base of fifth middle anal-fin radial pointed and upward directed [78-1]; (9) membranous tip anterior to R4 and R5 curved downwards [110-1]; (10) small membranous tip anterior to R4 and R5 [111-1]; (11) four to seven subdistal retrorse spines on R4p [116-2]; and (12) expanded distal portion of R6 [128-1].

Composition. Genera Cnesterodon, Phallotorynus, and Phalloceros .

Distribution. Southern South America.