Illidops butalidis (Marshall, 1889)

Figs 2D, 11–14; Table 2

Apanteles butalidis Marshall, 1889: 450–451 .

Other material examined

UNITED KINGDOM – England • 1 ♂; Dorset, Portland Bill; 8 May 1939 (coll.), 28 May 1939 (em.); ex. Scythris senescens; R.L.E. Ford leg.; D.S. Wilkinson det.; CNC, CNCHYM 01524 • 1 ♀; same data as for preceding; CNC, CNCHYM 01525 .

GERMANY – Bavaria • 1 ♀; Ruhpolding, Fischbach; 47.709° N, 12.657° E; 720 m a.s.l.; 4–19 Jul. 2016; D. Doczkal and J. Voith leg.; Malaise trap; bulk ID: dv.fiba2.05; SNSB-ZSM, ZSM-HYM-33167-H07 • 1 ♀; same locality as for preceding; 2–16 Aug. 2016; D. Doczkal and J. Voith leg.; Malaise trap; bulk ID: dv.fiba2.07; SNSB-ZSM, ZSM-HYM-33168-B07 • 1 ♀; Eussenheim-Aschfeld, Ammerfeld; 50.007° N, 9.806° E; 280 m a.s.l.; 2–7 Jul. 2014; D. Doczkal leg.; Malaise trap; bulk ID: dd.ammf.08; SNSB-ZSM, ZSM-HYM-33420-G06 • 1 ♀; München, NSG Allacher Lohe, Heide-Mosaik; 48.201° N, 11.483° E; 499 m a.s.l.; 8–23 Jun. 2021; R. Albrecht and GBOL3-Team leg.; Malaise trap; bulk ID: gb.aloh1.01; SNSB-ZSM, ZSM-HYM-42326-G04 • 1 ♀; same locality; 5–21 Jul. 2021; R. Albrecht and GBOL3-Team leg.; Malaise trap; bulk ID: gb.aloh1.03; SNSB-ZSM, ZSM-HYM-42326-H05 • 1 ♂; Moos, Isarmündung, Magerrasen, sumpfig; 48.780° N, 12.966° E; 313 m a.s.l.; 16 Jun. 2021; A. Höcherl leg.; sweep-net; SNSB-ZSM, ZSM-HYM-ZLAB01-A12 • 1 ♀; Willersdorf, Untere Mark, seminatural forest; 49.733° N, 10.985° E; 292 m a.s.l.; 25 Jun.–12 Jul. 2019; J. Müller leg.; Malaise trap; bulk ID: 6231_4_For; SNSB-ZSM, ZSM-HYM-42379-B03 . – Baden-Württemberg • 1 ♀; Grenzach-Wyhlen, Hornfelsen, Felswand; 47.559° N, 7.646° E; 350 m a.s.l.; 4–25 Jul. 2011; D. Doczkal and A. Ssymank leg.; Malaise trap; bulk ID: dd.grf42.15; SNSB-ZSM, ZSM-HYM-33420-E09 • 1 ♀; Rötelstein, Steinbruch, Felskante; 47.556° N, 7.679° E; 440 m a.s.l.; 4–25 Jul. 2011; D. Doczkal and A. Ssymank leg.; Malaise trap; bulk ID: dd.grf43.13; SNSB-ZSM, ZSM-HYM-42470-A07 • 1 ♀; Malsch, Hansjakobstr. 7, Garten; 48.884° N, 8.320° E; 120 m a.s.l.; 21 Jun.–5 Jul. 2020; D. Doczkal leg.; Malaise trap; bulk ID: dd.mgart1.09; SNSB-ZSM, ZSM-HYM-33155-C07 .

Species concept

Our species concept is based on our examination of authoritatively identified female and male specimens stored in the CNC (identified by Wilkinson, reared ex. Scythris picaepennis by Ford) and mainly the information available in Wilkinson (1945), Nixon (1965, 1976), Papp (1981) and Kotenko (2007) → ***.

Ecology / host information

Scythrididae: holotype ex Scythris fuscoaenea (Haworth, 1828), Scythris picaepennis (Haworth, 1828) .

Distribution

PAL: Bulgaria, Croatia, Germany, Hungary, Mongolia, Romania, Russia (ZAB, PRI), Serbia, Slovakia, Spain, Sweden, Tunisia, Turkey, Ukraine, United Kingdom.

Molecular data

BINS: BOLD:ACQ9731, BOLD:AEL7562, BOLD:AEI6389, details in Table 2 and Fig. 11. CNCHYM 01524 was included in the shotgun sequencing of historical DNA and was mapped to the COI sequence of ZSM-HYM-33161-C11.

The three different barcoding clusters we found matching the morphology of this species may or may not represent cryptic diversity. The overall maximum p-distance between all sequences we associate with the species is 4.17%. We were unable to find consistent morphological differences and consider all three clusters to represent members of I. butalidis for now. Minimum interspecific p-distances of Microgastrinae can vary across genera, for more details check Höcherl et al. (2024). The sequence from the authoritatively identified male specimen (identified by Wilkinson, reared from Scythris picaepennis by Ford) matches our German material from BIN BOLD:ACQ9731 with a barcode similarity of 99.68%.

Remarks

Holotype female, PCMAG. Country of type locality: United Kingdom. Scythris picaepennis was recorded as a host of I. butalidis by Wilkinson (1945) as the junior synonym Scythris senescens (Stainton, 1850), based on a series of specimens reared by Ford.