Key to Chiloglanis species of the Luiche and Lower Malagarasi rivers of Tanzania

1. Oral disc length>16% SL; teeth arranged in tight clump along midline of lower jaw (Fig. 1 A&B)...................... 2

- Oral disc length <16% SL; teeth broadly distributed along lower jaw (Fig. 1 C); long adipose fin (Fig. 5)........................................................................................ Chiloglanis orthodontus (Malagarasi) .

2. Caudal fin truncate in juveniles and adult females, elongated middle rays in adult males (Fig. 3); short dorsal (8.2–12.7% SL) and pectoral spines (9.9–15.1% SL)............................................. Chiloglanis igamba (Malagarasi) .

- Caudal fin forked...................................................................................... 3

3. Long dorsal (16.1–21.3% SL) and pectoral spines (19.1–23.6 % SL); dorsal and pectoral fins with distinctive dark patches (Fig. 4).......................................................... Chiloglanis kazumbei (Luiche & Malagarasi) .

- Relatively short dorsal (7.5–13.6% SL) and pectoral spines (12.1–16.5 % SL); adult males with elongated upper lobe of caudal fin (Fig. 6)............................................................ Chiloglanis asymetricaudalis (Luiche) .