Acanthurus bahianus Castelnau 1855

Extant specimens: MCUC ZOO.0000052 (Fig. 54).

Classification on the specimen: “P. Th. Teuthis hepatus ”

Common names on the specimen (Portuguese/Tupi): “Barbeiro”/ “Acarauna”.

Comments: This species was undescribed at the time Veloso prepared it. The “Th.” On the classification of the specimen is crossed out. This is in accordance with Linnaeus’s (1766) classification that considered Teuthis hepatus Linnaeus 1766 (= Paracanthurus hepatus) as pertaining to the class Abdominales and not Thoracici. Paracanthurus hepatus is also an acanthurid but with its distribution restricted to the Indo-Pacific. In the Ajuda’s inventory (Ferreira 1794) there are two specimens of Theutis [sic] listed, and there are records of two specimens of Teuthis hepatus transferred to the University of Coimbra, one of them survived to this day and is reported here. No specimen of Teuthis is listed in the transference documentation to the Lisbon Academy of Sciences. Veloso provided a description for this species in the Ichthyologia Fluminensis manuscript. Acanthurus bahianus occurs in the Western Atlantic from Massachusetts to Rio Grande do Sul (Brazil) (Figueiredo & Menezes 2000) and in the eastern Atlantic on St. Helena and Ascension Islands (Rocha 2016).