Newmanella spinosus sp. nov.

Figures 9–15

Newmanella radiata .— Chan et al. 2009: 199, fig. 170 (non N. radiata (Bruguière 1789)) .—Shuto & Hayashi 2013: 159, fig. 3c (non N. radiata (Bruguière 1789)) .

Newmanella sp. Tsang et al., 2015: 325 fig. 1A, 327 fig. 2.

Material examined. Holotype. NMNS-006535-00001. 1 specimen. Shih-Ti-Ping Harbor, Hualien County, Taiwan 23°29’39.4”N 121°30’20.0”E (23 Mar. 2007). Paratype. NMNS-006535-00002. 2 specimens. Cheng Gong, Taitung County, Taiwan (23°11.27’N, 121°33.27’E, 12 Mar. 2009). CEL-New-sp-14. 1 specimen. Turtle Island, Yilan County, Taiwan (10 Sep. 2007). CEL-New-sp-15. 1 specimen. Citou Penghu County, Taiwan (25 Feb. 2011). CEL-New-sp- 16-22. 7 specimens. Hepingdao, Keelung City, Taiwan (2–3 Mar. 2007). CEL-New-sp- 23-25. 3 specimens. Data same as holotype. CEL-New-G63-2, 3, 5. 3 specimens. Site 10, Puerto Galera, the Philippines 13°30.01’N, 120°58.11’E (4 Jun. 2009). CEL-New-sp-1, 2, 3, 5. 4 specimens. Data same as holotype. CEL-Newsp-6-10. 5 specimens. Data same as paratype.

Diagnosis. Parietes green, or with white and green radiating lines. Depressor muscle crests on scutum very deep. Anterior and posterior rami of cirrus II and posterior ramus of cirrus IV bearing triangular spines. Fourth and fifth teeth of mandible separated, fifth located in middle portion of the lower margin. Cutting edge of maxillule below notch protruding.

Description. Shell green, low conic; surface squamose or smooth with radiating lines which branch basally (Fig. 9 A, F). Orifice pentagonal, diamond-shaped; radii broad with horizontal striations, summits oblique (Fig. 9 A, B, F); summits of alae less oblique than summits of radii (Fig. 9 G). Base of parietes with more than 1 row of irregularly sized tubes, shell basis calcareous (Fig. 9 B). Scutum narrow, triangular, height about 1.5 times width; length of articular ridge about half length of tergal margin; adductor furrow deep, broad; crest for lateral scutal depressor muscle very deep, broad, triangular in shape (Fig. 9 D); dorsal surface of scutum with horizontal striations (Fig. 9 E). Tergum high, narrow; scutal margin straight with large serrated teeth; articular ridge high, wide; spur prominent; crests for lateral tergal depressor muscle numerous, deep (Fig. 9 C); when articulated, tergum covering almost 1/4 scutum (Fig. 9 C).

Cirrus I with posterior ramus very short, about half length of anterior ramus; posterior ramus 9-segmented, anterior ramus 16-segmented (Fig. 10 A); segments of posterior ramus protuberant (Fig. 10 B), segments of anterior rami normal (Fig. 10 C); setae on ramus serrulate (Fig. 10 D). Cirrus II with anterior and posterior rami similar in length, both with protuberant segments, both rami 10-segmented (Fig. 10 E); distal 1–8 segments of lesser curvature of posterior ramus bearing triangular spines (Fig. 10 E); lesser curvature of segments 3–7 of anterior ramus bearing triangular spines (Fig. 10 E, F, G); both rami bearing serrulate setae (Fig. 10 H). Cirrus III, posterior ramus antenniform, 21-segmented, anterior rami non-antenniform, 13-segmented (Fig. 11 A); lesser curvature of first 5 distal segments to most proximal segment of anterior ramus and first 12 distal segments to most proximal segment of posterior ramus bearing triangular shaped spines (Fig. 11 A); both rami bearing serrulate and bidentate setae (Fig. 11 E–H). Cirri IV–VI long, slender; anterior and posterior rami similar in length (Figs 12, 13); basis of cirri IV to VI not bearing triangular spines (Figs. 12 B, C; 13B, E); proximal segment of greater curvature of anterior and posterior rami bearing saw-like spines (Figs 12 D, C, F). Cirrus IV with anterior and posterior rami 19-segmented (Fig. 12 A); lesser curvature of posterior ramus bearing triangular spines. Cirrus V, anterior ramus 22-segmented, posterior ramus 23-segmented (Fig. 13 A). Cirrus VI, both anterior and posterior rami 23-segmented (Fig. 13 D). Intermediate segments of cirri IV–VI of anterior and posterior rami bearing 2 pairs of long setae and 1 pair of short setae (Figs. 12 E–H, 13G, H). Penis without basi-dorsal point; annulations along whole length; setae sparsely distributed (Fig. 13 I); tip with a few bundles of setae (Fig. 13 J).

Maxilla bi-lobate, taller than broad, serrulate setae on both lobes (Fig. 14 A–C). Maxillule with V-shaped notch, two large spines above notch, cutting margin below notch slightly protruding, straight, with 8 large setae (Fig. 14 D–F). Mandible with 5 teeth, first largest, separated from remainder, fifth smallest, separated from fourth, located at middle position of lower margin, second and third bidentate, fourth with cutting edge serrated (Fig. 14 G– H); lower margin short, with fine setae; inferior angle sharp with 2 larger setae (Fig. 14 H). Mandibulatory palp rectangular, with serrulate setae on superior margin (Fig. 15 A–D). Labrum notched, notch V-shaped, with 2 large teeth right side and 5 teeth on left side of the cutting margin (Fig. 15 E–H).

Etymology. This species is named for having numerous spines on its cirri, especially on cirrus II, which is diagnostic and separates Newmanella spinosus sp. nov. from the morphologically close species N. radiata .

Distribution. Currently, Newmanella spinosus sp. nov. is recorded from Okinawan (Shuto & Hayashi 2013, identified as N. radiata), Taiwan and the Philippines (Fig. 1), suggesting its distribution may be affected by the Kuroshio Current.