2. Dipcadi montanum (Dalzell) Baker 1870: 398;

Hooker 1892: 346; Woodrow 1899: 524; Cooke 1907: 769; Bamber 1916: 441; Mooney 1950: 201; Deb & Dasgupta 1977: 56; Bhandari 1978: 318; Deb & Dasgupta 1981: 6; Sharma et al. 1984: 286; Pullaiah & Yesoda 1989: 237; Lakshminarasimhan 1996: 131; Naik 1998: 862; Yadav & Sardesai 2002: 498; Almeida 2009: 177; Nairne 2010: 348; Kumar et al. 2013: 120; Nayar et al. 2014: 1453; Swamy et al. 2017: 61; Lakshminarasimhan, 2019: 312; Pullaiah 2018: 1926; Mao et al. 2020: 195; Ravikumar et al. 2021: 286. ≡ Uropetalum montanum Dalzell 1850: 142; Dalzell & Gibson 1861: 250.

Basionym Type:— INDIA. Bombay: Sahyadri Mt., Dalzell s.n. (K!)

= Dipcadi montanum var. madrasicum (E.Barnes & C.E.C.Fisch.) Deb & Dasgupta 1977: 59; Saxsena & Brahmam 1995: 1963; Swamy & Ahmedullah 2016: 109. syn. nov. ≡ Dipcadi madrasicum Barnes & Fischer 1940: 1941: 301; Mathew 1981: 360; Mathew 1983: 1642. Basionym

Type:— INDIA. Tamil Nadu: Chingleput, Tambaram, November 1937, E. Barnes 1801 (Lectotype: K!) ; ibid. January 1939, E. Barnes 2085 (Paratype: K!). Fig. 3E.

≡ Ornithogalum turbinatum var. madrasicum (E. Barnes & C.E.C.Fisch.) Manning & Goldblatt, 2004: 552 .

= Dipcadi krishnadevarayae B.R.P. Rao 2016: 9562; Pullaiah 2018: 1926. syn. nov.

Type:— INDIA. Andhra Pradesh: Anantapuramu, Sri Krishnadevaraya University Campus, 25 August 2012, B.R.P.Rao & M.Chennakesavulu Naik 47481 (holotype SKU!, Isotype CAL!) Fig. 3F.

Bulbs tunicate, ovate-ellipsoid, neck present 0.5–1.0 cm long, 1.0–4.5 × 1.0– 1.6 cm. propagating vegetatively by bulblets and splitting of the mother bulb. Roots fibrous fleshy, arise from the basal disc. Leaves 1 to 5, 15–50 × 0.3–1.2 cm, linear, channelled or not, glabrous dull green and basal undersoil portion white, apex involute, leaves shorter than inflorescence, 1 to 4 persistent in infructescence, c. 6 veined. Scape 1 (or 2), 25–45 × 0.2–0.4 cm long, glabrous, terete and green; raceme, 9.0– 85 cm long, lax. Pedicel 3.0–6.0 × 0.5–1.0 mm long. Bract 3–12 × 3–6 mm long, green coriaceous with scarious margins that clasp the pedicel, base about triangular, apex 1–6.0 mm acute, completely scarious in infructescence, 4 to 10 nerved. Flowers, 4 to 24 per scape, 14–16 mm long, tubular, white with olive green or brick red, sometimes pure green or green-yellow, foul smelling at night, scent absent during the day; perianth arranged in two rows of 3 each, outer perianth 1 mm longer than inner perianth; perianth tube, 3.0–7.0 × 2–3 mm; outer perianth lobes 5.0–8.0 × 2.0–4.0 mm, oblong, recurved 5–6.0 mm, white with olive green or brick red colour band, sometimes pure green or green-yellow, tip hooded and papillose, ca. 7 nerved; inner perianth lobes 3.0–7.0 × 2–2.5 mm, recurved ca. 2 mm, deltoid with apex acute-obtuse, white with olive green or brick red colour band, sometimes pure green or green-yellow, tip papillose, ca. 7 nerved, perianth tube equal to perianth lobes. Stamens 6, 5–6 mm long; filaments, 4.0–5.0 × ca. 0.5 mm narrowing towards the apex, white, adnate to perianth; anthers 1.2–3.0 × 0.5–1.2 mm, sagittate, not apiculate, dorsifixed, yellow, projecting out of tube 0.2–0.5 mm at anthesis, dehiscing longitudinally, filament twice as long as anther. Pistil 10–13 mm long; ovary tricarpellary, 4.0–5.0 × 1.5–2.5 mm trigonous-obovoid, green, stipitate, stipe 1–2 mm long, conspicuous septal nectary present in the ovary; style 4–6 × 0.7–1 mm glistening white, cylindrical with longitudinal striations, style as long as the ovary; stigma 0.2 mm thicker than the style, 1 mm in diameter, white, papillose hair, vaguely trigonous, each lobe is bilobed, the trilobed condition clearly observed when the pistil is young, 3 nectar droplets at the angle of the stigma lobes that projects out of tube at anthesis. Fruit loculicidal capsule, ca. 11 mm (with stipe) long, 9–12 × 8–10 mm, width as long as length, dehiscing longitudinally, pericarp thick, green when young and thin, light yellowish-green-brown at maturity, bracts persistent. Seeds, 3–5 × 2–5 mm, superposed, orbicular-ellipsoid, compressed with slightly raised margin; shiny black, 5 to 10 per locule.

Distribution:— INDIA. Maharashtra: Kolhapur, Ajra, Aurangabad (Naik 1998), Gulbarga (Seetharam et al. 2000). Karnataka: Belgaum (Nairne 1976, Lakshminarasimhan & Prasad, 2019); Badami plateau, Bagalkot (Dalvi et al. 2019; Ravikumar et al. 2021); Chikkamagaluru, Kalaburagi, Yadgiri (Ravikumar et al. 2021). Andhra Pradesh:Anantapuramu district, Sri Krishnadevaraya University Campus; Garladinne.

Habitat:—lateritic gravely soils in open places among grass; Rare, on plateau in mud (Naik, 1998); grassy slopes (Lakshminarasimhan. & Prasad, 2019)

Phenology:—July end–September beginning (occasionally in October and May)

Specimens examined:— INDIA. Maharashtra: Bombay, Sahyadri Mt., Dalzell (K!) ; Kolhapur District, Halkarni, 29 July 1998, S. R. Yadav 5870 (SUK!) ; ibid., 4 July 2003, S. P. Gaikwad SPG374 (SUK!); ibid., 25 July 2002, S. P. Gaikwad 208 (SUK!); ibid., 25 July 2002 S. P. Gaikwad 208 (SUK!); Ajara, Ramthirth mandir, July 2003, SPG376 (SUK!) ; ibid., 14 August 2021, H. Rodrigues & Chakral HSK222414 (RDNCP!); ibid., 14 August 2021, H. Rodrigues & Chakral HSK222413 (RDNCP!); Karthikswami, August 1990, H. S. Patil 2664, (SUK!). Karnataka: Belgaum district, 27 July 1953, Chennaveeraiah 15755 (BLAT!) ; ibid., 18 July 1990, W. A. Talbot, 2277 2277x (BSI!) ; ibid., 10 August 1991, Talbot 3763 (BSI!); ibid., 28 July 2008, Chandore ANC336 (SUK!); Bagalkot, Badami plateau, 23 July 2022, H.Rodrigues & Chakral HSK222433 (RDNCP!). Andhra Pradesh: Anantapuramu, Sri Krishnadevaraya University Campus, 15 July 2023, H.Rodrigues & Chakral HSK222434 (RDNCP!). Tamil Nadu: Chingleput, Tambaram Novmber 1937, E.Barnes 1801 (K!) ; ibid., Jan 1939, E.Barnes 2085 (K!) .