Genus Syringophilopsis Kethley

Syringophilopsis Kethley, 1970: 18 . Type-species: Syringophilus elongatus Ewing, 1911, by original designation.

acrocephali Skoracki, 1999: 160, figs. 8–10.

Type material. Holotype female at AMU (Syr. 27), paratypes: females at AMU (Syr. 27). Hosts and distribution. Acrocephalus scirpaceus (type host) ( Passeriformes: Acrocephalidae), type-locality: POLAND, Mierzeja Wislana (Skoracki 1999a); RUSSIA, (ZISP) (Bochkov & Galloway 2001); A. schoenobaenus (Acrocephalidae), POLAND, Weltyn, (AMU) (Skoracki 2004b), EGYPT, Burulus, (AMU) (Skoracki 2011b); A. palustris (Acrocephalidae), POLAND, Swinoujscie, (AMU) (Skoracki 2004b).

Habitat. Secondary feathers.

albicollisi Skoracki and Dabert, 2000: 59, figs. 1–10.

Type material. Holotype female at MRAC (140.508), paratypes: females, males, nymphs at MRAC, AMU. Hosts and distribution. Merops albicollis (type host) ( Coraciiformes: Meropidae), type-locality: TOGO, Odjolo (Skoracki & Dabert 2000).

Habitat. Unknown.

blaszaki Skoracki and Dabert, 1999: 89, figs. 1–7.

Type material. Holotype female at AMU (Syr. 29), paratypes: females, males, nymphs and larvae at AMU, ZISP. Hosts and distribution. Anthus trivialis (type host) ( Passeriformes: Motacillidae), type-locality: POLAND, Darlowko Wschodnie (Skoracki & Dabert 1999a); RUSSIA, (ZISP) (Bochkov & Galloway 2001). Habitat. Secondary feathers.

borini Bochkov and Mironov, 1999: 43, fig. 7.

Type material. Holotype female at ZISP (T-Sy-13), paratypes: females, males at ZISP. Hosts and distribution. Sylvia borin (type host) ( Passeriformes: Sylviidae), type-locality: RUSSIA, Novogrod Prov., Chudovo Distr., Oskuy village (Bochkov & Mironov 1999); POLAND, Zachodniopomorskie, Miedzyodrze, (AMU) (Skoracki 2004), TURKEY, Yukari, Ciyrikli, (AMU) (Skoracki 2011b). Habitat. Secondary feathers.

certhiae Skoracki, Hendricks and Spicer, 2011: 6, figs. 1–12.

Type material. Holotype female at NMNH, paratypes: females, males, nymphs at NMNH, AMU. Hosts and distribution. Certhia americana (type host) ( Passeriformes: Certhiidae), type-locality: USA, California, Montrery (Skoracki et al. 2011b).

Habitat. Unknown.

corvinae Skoracki and Sikora, 2003: 5, figs. 5–6.

Type material. Holotype female at MRAC (141.266), paratypes: females at MRAC, AMU. Hosts and distribution. Corvinella corvine (type host) ( Passeriformes: Laniidae), type-locality: CAMEROON, Galim (Skoracki & Sikora 2003).

Habitat. Unknown.

davidi Glowska and Laniecka, 2012: 385, figs. 1–5.

Type material. Holotype female at AMU, paratype female at AMU. Hosts and distribution. Calandrella brachydactyla (type host) ( Passeriformes: Alaudidae), type-locality: EGYPT, Hurghada (Glowska & Laniecka 2012).

Habitat. Secondary feathers.

dendroicae Bochkov and Galloway, 2001: 2023, fig. 7.

Type material. Holotype female at CNCI (CNC type 22704), paratypes: females, males at JBWM, ZISP. Hosts and distribution. Setophaga coronata (type host) ( Passeriformes: Parulidae), type-locality: CANADA, Manitoba, Winnipeg (Bochkov & Galloway 2001); Dendroica graciae (Parulidae), USA, Texas, Jeff Davis Co., Fort Davis, (AMU) (Skoracki et al. 2008); Cardellina pusilla (Parulidae), USA, California, Sierra Co., Beartrap Meadow, (SNM, AMU) (Skoracki et al. 2008).

Habitat. Primary feathers.

dicruri Skoracki, Hromada and Wamiti, 2011: 35, figs. 1–5.

Type material. Holotype female at AMU (Syr. 292), paratypes: females at AMU, NMK. Hosts and distribution. Dicrurus adsimilis (type host) ( Passeriformes: Dicruridae), type-locality: KENYA, Tsavo West National Park, Komboyo Campsite (Skoracki et al. 2011c).

Habitat. Secondary feathers.

elongatus (Ewing, 1911); Syringophilus elongatus Ewing, 1911: 39, Syringophilus icteridae, Clark 1964: 89, figs. 30, 31; Syringophilopsis elongatus, Kethley 1970: 21, figs. 10, 11.

Type material. Lost (Kethley 1970).

Hosts and distribution. Agelaius phoeniceus (type host) ( Passeriformes: Icteridae), type-locality: USA, Maryland and Georgia (Ewing 1911); Euphagus carolinus (Icteridae), USA, (HRML) (Clark 1964); E. cyanocephalus (Icteridae), USA, California, Shasta Co., Glenburn, (SNM) (Skoracki et al. 2008); Quiscalus quiscula (Icteridae), USA, (HRML) CANADA, (at author’s collection), (Clark 1964); Quiscalus mexicanus (Icteridae), USA, (at author’s collection) (Casto 1976); Pheucticus melanocephalus (Cardinalidae), USA, (at author’s collection) (Casto 1976).

Habitat. Primary, secondary feathers.

emberizae Fain, Bochkov and Mironov, 2000: 57, figs. 72–78. Type material. Holotype female at MRAC, paratype female at MRAC (187370). Hosts and distribution. Sicalis luteola (type host) ( Passeriformes: Thraupidae), type-locality: RWANDA (Fain et al. 2000).

Habitat. Unknown.

empidonax Skoracki, Flannery and Spicer, 2008: 294, figs. 11–18.

Type material. Holotype female at NMNH, paratypes: females, male, nymphs at AMU, NMNH. Hosts and distribution. Empidonax hammondii (type host) ( Passeriformes: Tyrannidae), type-locality: USA, Texas, Jeff Davis Co., Fort Davis (Skoracki et al. 2008); E. wrightii (Tyrannidae), USA, Jeff Davis Co., Fort Davis, (NMNH, AMU) (Skoracki et al. 2008).

Habitat. Secondary feathers.

fringillae (Fritsch, 1958), Syringophilus fringillae Fritsch, 1958: 230, figs. 2, 3; Syringophilopsis fringilla, Kethley 1970: 21 .

Type material. Neotype female at AMU (Syr. 23), paraneotypes: females, males, nymphs at AMU, ZISP, ZSM (designated in Skoracki 2004b).

Hosts and distribution. Fringilla coelebs (type host) ( Passeriformes: Fringillidae), type-locality: GERMANY (Fritsch 1958); ENGLAND, (at author’s collection) (Kethley 1970), RUSSIA, Kaliningrad Prov., Kurshskaya Spit, Rybachiy village, (ZISP) (Bochkov & Mironov 1998), POLAND, Darlowo, Kopan, (AMU, ZISP, ZSM) (Skoracki 2004b), KAZAKHSTAN, Ongtustik, Qazaqstan, (at author’s collection) (Skoracki & Bochkov 2010). Habitat. Primary feathers.

garrulu s Skoracki and Dabert, 2002: 137, figs. 1–4.

Type material. Holotype female at MRAC (188.544).

Hosts and distribution. Garrulus glandarius (type host) ( Passeriformes: Corvidae), type-locality: AFRICA (Skoracki & Dabert 2002); ALGERIA, (AMU, MRAC) (Skoracki 2011b). Habitat. Secondary feathers.

hirundus Skoracki, 2004: 60, figs. 36, 37.

Type material. Holotype female at AMU (Syr. 25.1).

Hosts and distribution. Hirundo rustica (type host) ( Passeriformes: Hirundinidae), type-locality: POLAND, Swinoujscie (Skoracki 2004b); ENGLAND, North Yorkshire, (at author’s collection) (Nattress & Skoracki 2007), KAZAKHSTAN, Ongtustik, Qazaqstan, (at author’s collection) (Skoracki & Bochkov 2010). Habitat. Secondary feathers.

hylocichla (Clark, 1964), Syringophilus hylocichla Clark, 1964: 87, figs. 28, 29; Syringophilopsis hylocichla, Kethley 1970: 21 .

Type material. Holotype lost (Kethley 1970), female paratypes at HRML. Hosts and distribution. Catharus (= Hylocichla) fuscescens (type host) ( Passeriformes: Turdidae), type-locality: USA (Clark 1964).

Habitat. Unknown.

icteri Bochkov and Galloway, 2001: 2019, fig. 5.

Type material. Holotype female at CNCI (CNC type 22703), paratypes: females, males at CNCI, ZISP, JBWM. Hosts and distribution. Icterus galbula (type host) ( Passeriformes: Icteridae), type-locality: CANADA, Winnipeg, Manitoba (Bochkov & Galloway 2001); Icterus bullockii (Icteridae), USA, California, Riverside, (MNHW, AMU) (Skoracki et al. 2011b).

Habitat. Unknown.

idunae Skoracki, 2011: 174, figs. 128, 129.

Type material. Holotype female at AMU (Syr. 178).

Hosts and distribution. Iduna caligata (type host) ( Passeriformes: Acrocephalidae), type-locality: EUROPE (Skoracki 2011b).

Habitat. Secondary feathers.

kazmierski Skoracki, 2004: 46, figs. 1–8.

Type material. Holotype female at AMU (SYR.20.1), paratypes: females, males, nymphs, larvae at AMU, ZISP, SNM.

Hosts and distribution. Ficedula hypoleuca (type host) ( Passeriformes: Muscicapidae), type-locality: POLAND, Zachodniopomorskie, Darlowko Wschodnie, Bukowo-Kopan (Skoracki 2004); SLOVAKIA, Zborov, (AMU, ZISP) (Skoracki 2011b); F. p ar v a ( Muscicapidae), POLAND, Zachodniopomorskie, Swinoujscie, (AMU) (Skoracki 2004b), ROMANIA, Nemira, (AMU) (Skoracki 2011b); Phoenicurus phoenicurus (Muscicapidae), JORDAN, Al-Dhleil near Amman, (AMU, ZISP) (Glowska et al. 2007).

Habitat. Secondary feathers.

kirgizorum Bochkov, Mironov and Kravtsova, 2000: 354, figs. 11–18.

Type material. Holotype female at ZISP (T-Sy-15), paratypes: females, males at ZISP, KNU.

Hosts and distribution. Chloris chloris (type host) ( Passeriformes: Fringillidae), type-locality: KIRGHIZIA, Bishkek (Bochkov et al. 2000); POLAND, Swinoujscie, (AMU) (Skoracki 2004b), ENGLAND, West Yorkshire, near Leeds, (at author’s collection) (Nattress & Skoracki 2007), JORDAN, Al-Dhleil near Amman, (AMU) (Glowska et al. 2007); Carduelis cannabina (Fringillidae), JORDAN, Al-Dhleil near Amman, (AMU) (Glowska et al. 2007); Rhodospiza obsoleta (Fringillidae), KIRGHIZIA, Bishkek, Chüy, (at author’s collection) (Bochkov et al. 2000); Carduelis carduelis (Fringillidae), POLAND, Zachodniopomorskie, Swinoujscie, (AMU) (Skoracki 2004b), RUSSIA, Osetia, (ZISP) (Skoracki 2011b); Linurgus olivaceus (Fringillidae), CAMEROON, (AMU, ZISP, MRAC) (Skoracki et al. 2009a).

Habitat. Primary and secondary feathers.

kristini Skoracki, Tryjanowski and Hromada, 2002: 11, figs. 1–4.

Type material. Holotype female at AMU (S-10.2.1), paratypes: females, males, nymphs at AMU, ZISP, SMB. Hosts and distribution. Lanius minor (type host) ( Passeriformes: Laniidae), type-locality: SLOVAKIA, Kurov (Skoracki et al. 2002); ROMANIA, (AMU) (Skoracki 2011b).

Habitat. Secondary feathers.

lagonostictus Skoracki and Dabert, 2002: 140, figs. 5–7.

Type material. Holotype female at MRAC (141.222), paratypes: females, males, nymphs, larvae at MRAC, AMU. Hosts and distribution. Lagonosticta senegala (type host) ( Passeriformes: Estrildidae), type-locality: TOGO, 6 km S. Mango (Skoracki & Dabert 2002); L. rufopicta (Estrildidae), TOGO, (MRAC, AMU) (Skoracki & Dabert 2002).

Habitat. Unknown.

melittophagi Skoracki and Dabert, 2001: 108, figs. 9–16.

Type material. Holotype female at MRAC (141.262), paratypes: females, males, nymphs at MRAC, AMU. Hosts and distribution. Merops (=Melittophagus) bulocki (type host) ( Coraciiformes: Meropidae), type-locality: TOGO, 6 km S. Mango (Skoracki & Dabert 2001a).

Habitat. Unknown.

mimidus Sikora, Fajfer and Skoracki, 2011: 30, figs. 1–6. Type material. Holotype female at AMU (Syr. 331), paratypes: females, males, nymphs, larva at AMU, ZSM, ZISP.

Hosts and distribution. Margarops fuscatus (type host) ( Passeriformes: Mimidae), type-locality: CENTRAL AMERICA (Sikora et al. 2011).

Habitat. Unknown.

muscicapus Skoracki, 2011: 161, figs. 118, 119.

Type material. Holotype female at AMU (Syr.133), female paratypes at AMU, ZISP. Hosts and distribution. Muscicapa latirostris (type host) ( Passeriformes: Muscicapidae), type-locality: JAPAN (Skoracki 2011b).

Habitat. Secondary feathers.

nitens Skoracki and Dabert, 2001: 107, figs. 1–8.

Type material. Holotype female at MRAC (139.786), paratypes: females, males, nymphs at MRAC, AMU. Hosts and distribution. Malimbus nitens (type host) ( Passeriformes: Ploceidae), type-locality: TOGO, Badou (Skoracki & Dabert 2001a); Ploceus nigricollis brachypterus (Ploceidae), TOGO, Atakpame, (MRAC) (Skoracki & Dabert 2001a); Quelea erythrops (Ploceidae), TOGO, Odjojo, (MRAC, AMU) (Skoracki & Sikora 2003); Ploceus vitellinus (Ploceidae), KENYA, Amboseli National Park, Headquarters Campsite, (AMU) (Skoracki et al. 2011c).

Habitat. Secondary feathers.

nucifragus Skoracki, 2011: 188, figs. 138, 139.

Type material. Holotype female at AMU (SYR.179), female paratypes at AMU, ZISP, ZSM. Hosts and distribution. Nucifraga caryocatactes (type host) ( Passeriformes: Corvidae), type-locality: EUROPE (Skoracki 2011b).

Habitat. Secondary feathers.

pari Skoracki and Mironov, 2013: 557, figs. 1–3.

Type material. Holotype at ZISP (AVB 011-2908-051), paratypes at AMU and ZISP. Hosts and distribution. Poecile palustris (type host) ( Passeriformes: Paridae), type locality: RUSSIA, Primorsky Krai, Partizanskii District, Novolitovsk (Skoracki & Mironov 2013). Habitat. Secondary feathers.

passericus Skoracki, 2011: 176, figs. 130, 131.

Type material. Holotype female at ZISP, paratypes: females, males at ZISP, AMU. Hosts and distribution. Passer domesticus (type host) ( Passeriformes: Passeridae), type-locality: KIRGHIZIA, Bishkek (Skoracki 2011b).

Habitat. Wing feathers.

passerinae (Clark, 1964), Syringophilus passerinae Clark, 1964: 91, figs. 26, 27; Syringophilopsis passerine, Kethley 1970 .

Type material. Holotype lost (Kethley 1970), paratype: female at HRML. Hosts and distribution. Passerina cyanea (type host) ( Passeriformes: Cardinalidae), type-locality: USA, Florida (Clark 1964); P. c i r i s ( Cardinalidae), USA, (SNM, AMU) (Skoracki et al. 2008). Habitat. Unknown.

philemonis Glowska and Laniecka, 2013: 386, figs. 1–5.

Type material. Holotype at ZMH, paratype female at ZMH.

Hosts and distribution. Philemon citreogularis (type host) ( Passeriformes: Meliphagidae), type-locality: AUSTRALIA, Beagle Bay (Glowska & Laniecka 2013).

Habitat. Unknown.

polioptilus Skoracki, Flannery and Spicer, 2008: 292, figs. 1–10.

Type material. Holotype female at NMNH, paratypes: females, male, nymphs, larva at NMNH, AMU. Hosts and distribution. Polioptila caerulea (type host) ( Passeriformes: Polioptilidae), type-locality: USA, Texas, Johnson Co., Garen Ranch (Skoracki et al. 2008).

Habitat. Primary feathers.

rusticus Skoracki, 2004: 49, figs. 9–12.

Type material. Holotype female at AMU (Syr. 21.1), female paratypes at AMU, ZISP, SNM. Hosts and distribution. Hirundo rustica (type host) ( Passeriformes: Hirundinidae), type-locality: POLAND, Olsztyn (Skoracki 2004b).

Habitat. Secondary feathers.

sialiae Skoracki, Flannery and Spicer, 2008: 298, figs. 19–23.

Type material. Holotype female at NMNH, female paratypes at NMNH, AMU. Hosts and distribution. Sialia mexicana (type host) ( Passeriformes: Turdidae), type-locality: USA, Texas, Jeff Davis Co., Fort Davis (Skoracki et al. 2008).

Habitat. Primary feathers.

sittae Skoracki, Hendricks and Spicer, 2011: 9, figs. 13–24.

Type material. Holotype female at NMNH, paratypes: females, males, nymphs at NMNH, AMU. Hosts and distribution. Sitta carolinensis (type host) ( Passeriformes: Sittidae), type-locality: USA, California, Mendocino Co. (Skoracki et al. 2011b); Sitta europaea, RUSSIA, Primorsky Krai, Partizanskii District, Novolitovsk, (ZISP, AMU) (Skoracki & Mironov 2013).

Habitat. Unknown.

spinolettus Skoracki, 2004: 57, figs. 29–35.

Type material. Holotype female at AMU (Syr. 24.1), paratypes: females, males, nymphs, larva at AMU, ZISP, SNM.

Hosts and distribution. Anthus spinoletta (type host) ( Passeriformes: Motacillidae), type-locality: POLAND, Darlowko Wschodnie, Kopan (Skoracki 2004b); A. spinoletta (Motacillidae), KAZAKHSTAN, Ongtustik, Qazaqstan, (ZISP, AMU) (Skoracki & Bochkov 2010), SLOVAKIA, Rejdova, (AMU) (Skoracki 2011b). Habitat. Secondary feathers.

sturnellus Skoracki, Hendricks and Spicer, 2011: 13, figs. 25–36.

Type material. Holotype female at MNHW, paratypes: females, male, nymphs at MNHW, AMU. Hosts and distribution. Sturnella neglecta (type host) ( Passeriformes: Icteridae), type-locality: USA, Arizona Mohave Co. (Skoracki et al. 2011b).

Habitat. Unknown.

sturni Chirov and Kravtsova, 1995: 374, figs. 3, 4.

Type material. Lost (Skoracki 2011b).

Hosts and distribution. Sturnus vulgaris (type host) ( Passeriformes: Sturnidae), type-locality: KIRGHIZIA (Chirov & Kravtsova 1995); KAZAKHSTAN, (ZISP) (Bochkov & Mironov 1998), POLAND, Swinoujscie, (AMU) (Skoracki 2004b), RUSSIA, Crimea, Alushta, (AMU) (Skoracki 2011b). Habitat. Secondary feathers.

szeffleri Glowska, 2014: 142 figs. 6–14.

Type material. Holotype female at USNM, paratype females at USNM, AMU. Hosts and distribution. Lophotriccus pileatus (type host) ( Passeriformes: Tyrannidae), type-locality: PERU, Tumbes, El Caucho Biological Station (Glowska 2014).

Habitat. Unknown.

trogoni Skoracki, Mironov and Unsoeld, 2013: 295, figs. 4, 5.

Type material. Holotype at UNAM, paratype at ZISP.

Hosts and distribution. Trogon citreolus (type host) ( Trogoniformes: Trogonidae), type locality: MEXICO, Jalisco, Chamela Biological Station of UNAM (Skoracki et al. 2013a); Trogon melanocephalus (Trogonidae), Costa Rica, Finca Taboga near Canas, (FMNH) (Skoracki et al. 2013b).

Habitat. Secondary feathers.

turdi (Fritsch, 1958), Syringophilus turdi Fritsch, 1958: 233, fig. 4, Syringophilopsis turdus, Kethley 1970: 24 . Type material. Lost (Kethley 1970).

Hosts and distribution. Turdus pilaris (type host) ( Passeriformes: Turdidae), type-locality: GERMANY (Fritsch 1958); POLAND, Pomorskie, Mierzeja Wislana, (AMU) (Skoracki 2004b), SLOVAKIA, Bardejov, (AMU, ZISP) (Skoracki 2011b); T. philomelos (Turdidae), RUSSIA, Novogrod, Chudovo Dist., Oskuy village, (ZISP) (Bochkov & Galloway 2001), POLAND, Zachodniopomorskie, Darlowko Wschodnie, Bukowo-Kopan, (AMU) (Skoracki 2004), SLOVAKIA, Bardejov, (AMU, ZISP) (Skoracki 2011b); T. atrogularis (Turdidae), KAZAKHSTAN, Ongtustik, Qazaqstan, Chockpak, (ZISP, AMU) (Skoracki & Bochkov 2010); T. iliacus (Turdidae), POLAND, Pomorskie, Mierzeja Wislana, (AMU) (Skoracki & Skoracka 1999), SLOVAKIA, Bardejovska Nova Ves, (AMU) (Skoracki 2011b); T. migratorius (Turdidae), USA, (SNM) (Skoracki et al. 2008); T. albicollis (Turdidae), ARGENTINA, (AMU, SMB) (Skoracki & Sikora, 2002).

Habitat. Secondary feathers.

Remark: S. turdi was also reported from Chloris chloris (Fringillidae) from Germany by Fritsch (1958), but these specimens probably belong to S. kirgizorum described from the same host (Bochkov et al. 2000).

tyranni Bochkov and Galloway, 2004: 35, figs. 19–24, 26–29.

Type material. Holotype female at CNCI (CNCI type 22829), paratypes: females, males at CNCI, JBWM, AMU, ZISP.

Hosts and distribution. Tyrannus tyrannus (type host) ( Passeriformes: Tyrannidae), type-locality: CANADA, Manitoba, Winnipeg (Bochkov & Galloway 2004); T. verticalis (Tyrannidae), USA, Lake Co., N. Lake Pillsbury, (SNM, AMU) (Skoracki et al. 2008); Myiarchus crinitus (Tyrannidae), USA, Texas, Hood Co., Jones Ranch, (SNM) (Skoracki et al. 2008); M. cinerascens (Tyrannidae), USA, Texas, Jeff Davis Co., Fort Davis, (SNM, AMU) (Skoracki et al. 2008); Myiopagis subplacens (Tyrannidae), PERU, Tumbes, El Caucho Biological Station, (AMU, USNM) (Glowska 2014).

Habitat. Primary and secondary feathers.

veselovsky Skoracki, Antczak and Riegert, 2009: 125, figs. 1–6.

Type material. Holotype female at AMU, female paratypes at AMU, ZISP.

Hosts and distribution. Pycnonotus barbatus (type host) ( Passeriformes: Pycnonotidae), type-locality: CAMEROON (Skoracki et al. 2009a); Chlorocichla flaviventris (Pycnonotidae), KENYA, Arabuko-Sokoke Forest, Gede, Tree House Nature Trail, (AMU, ZISP, NMK, MRAC) (Skoracki et al. 2011c); Eurillas latirostris (Pycnonotidae), KENYA, Kakamega Forest National Reserve, Buyangu, Udo`s Campsite, (AMU, ZISP, NMK, MRAC) (Skoracki et al. 2011c).

Habitat. Secondary feathers.

yosefi Skoracki, Tryjanowski and Hromada, 2002: 14, figs. 5, 6, 12, 13. Type material. Holotype female at MRAC (141.265), paratypes: female at MRAC, AMU. Hosts and distribution. Lanius sp. (type host) ( Passeriformes: Laniidae), type-locality: CAMEROON, Yagoua (Skoracki et al. 2002).

Habitat. Unknown.