Erythroneura comes (Say, 1825)

Recorded damage and economic importance in the orchards of Iran: A pest on grapevine and other fruit trees (Behdad 1991; Esmaili 1984).

Recorded damage in the orchards of other parts of the world: Not recorded.

Recorded distribution in Iran: South of Central Alborz Mountain (Mozaffarian & Wilson 2016).

Conclusion: The species is a Nearctic species and the records may be due to a misidentification (Mozaffarian & Wilson 2016).

Frutioidia (Frutioidia) bisignata (Mulstant et Rey, 1855) (Figs 43 and 59a–c)

Recorded damage and economic importance in the orchards of Iran: Mild and sometimes significant damage on Poaceae . The phytoplasma responsible for Almond Witches’ broom disease could not be transmitted by this insect (Esmaili 1984; Rajabi 1991, Taghizadeh & Salehi 2002; Koliayee et al. 2012).

Recorded damage in the orchards of other parts of the world: A pest on hazelnut in Europe and a potential pest in olive orchards in Turkey (Snare 2006; Bozbuga & Elekcioglu 2008).

Recorded distribution in Iran: Northwest and centre (Mozaffarian & Wilson 2016).

Conclusion: Modarres Awal (1994) mentioned the name: “ Erythroneura albisignata ” as a synonym with Z. bisignata which is the synonym of the present species. It has been repeated in some agricultural websites consequently as a pest on Poaceae . However, this is not a valid name. The economic injury level caused by the species is unclear.