Philaenus spumarius (Linnaeus, 1758) (Figs 22 and 23a–c)

Recorded damage and economic importance in the orchards of Iran: Not recorded.

Recorded damage in the orchards of other parts of the world: A potential vector for X. fastidiosa and elm yellows phytoplasma. The species also tested positive for Aster yellows in vineyards in Czech Republic (DeLong & Severin 1950; EFSA 2013; Orsagova et al. 2011; Rosa et al. 2014).

Recorded distribution in Iran: Norh, northwest, southwest and south (Mozaffarian & Wilson 2015).

Conclusion: Although the species has not been recorded as a pest in Iranian orchards, the ability of the species to transmit diseases needs to be investigated due to the records in other parts of the world and its wide distribution in Iran.