Key to South American species of Neohybos (modified from Ale-Rocha 2007)

1 Pterostigma pigmented............................................................................... 10

- Pterostigma hyaline................................................................................... 2

2 Wing brownish basally, hyaline apically; abdomen elongate, at least 4 times longer than thorax........................... 3

- Wing entirely hyaline or slightly brownish; length of abdomen variable.......................................... 5

3 Hypopygium long and slender; hypandrial lobe variable........................................................ 4

- Hypopygium short and wide (Fig. 33); right hypandrial lobe wide, triangular, occupying most of the posterior margin of the hypandrium (Fig. 34) (Brazil)................................................................... N. lautus sp. nov

4 Right epandrial lamella approximately 2 times length of left epandrial lamella; right hypandrial lobe wide, triangular (Ale-Rocha 2007, figs 52–55) (Peru)............................................................... N. longiventris Ale-Rocha

- Right epandrial lamella as long as left epandrial lamella; right hypandrial lobe slender (Ale-Rocha & Carvalho 2004, figs 3–7)

(Brazil, Colombia, Guiana, Brazil, Peru).................................................... N. hallexus (Smith) 5 Scutum shiny dorsally, only notopleuron and prescutellar disc with pruinescence................................... 6

- Scutum entirely clothed in pruinescence, sometimes with shiny narrow stripes lacking pruinescence.................... 7

6 Abdomen short, approximately 3.5 times longer than thorax; fore and mid femora brown; fore and mid tibiae brown; right bacilliform sclerite with short, apically pointed process; right hypandrial lobe slender, tapered to point and somewhat straight (Ale- Rocha 2007, fig. 27) (Colombia)........................................................ N. cooperi Ale-Rocha

- Abdomen long, approximately 4.5 times longer than thorax; fore and mid femora brown with distal fourth yellow; fore and mid tibiae yellow; hypandrial lobe median, robust, apex truncate, bearing a finger-like apical process bent apically to the left; right bacilliform sclerite with elongate, slightly robust and apically round process with outer margin dentate near apex (Figs 49, 50) (Brazil)................................................................................... N. ramosus sp. nov.

7 Scutum clothed in coarse reddish brown pruinescence, with a shiny narrow stripe on dorsocentral line and a shiny round lateral spot on postsutural area; one posterior dc pair of setae long and strong; body and male terminalia very long and slender (Fig. 21) (Brazil)............................................................................ N. elongatus sp. nov.

- Scutum mostly shiny, clothed in pruinescence only laterally and on prescutellar disc; without posterior dc pair of setae developed; body and male terminalia variable in shape.....................................................................8

8 Hind tibia expanded on distal third, ventral surface undulate and bearing one tubercle on basal third; postgonites with long and slender median projection, as long as phallus and forked distally (Fig. 2) (Brazil)..................... N. aberrans sp. nov.

- Hind tibia not expanded distally, ventral surface regular; postgonites lacking slender medial projection.................. 9

9 Foreleg pale brown with tarsomeres 1–2 yellow and tarsomeres 3–5 brown; mid and hind legs brown, except tibiae, mid tarsomeres 1–2 and basal half of hind tarsomeres 1–2 yellow; hypandrial lobe elongate on right side, posterior margin of left epandrial lamella forked (Fig. 8) (Brazil, Peru)........................................................ N. adustus sp. nov.

- Legs yellow except fore and mid tarsomeres 3–5 pale brown, hind tarsomeres 4–5 brown and hind femur with brown wide ring beyond middle; hypandrial lobe developed medially, posterior margin of left epandrial lamella bearing a branchy and setose surstylus (Figs 10, 13) (Brazil)................................................................ N. annulatus sp. nov.

10 Wing brownish basally, hyaline in the apex (Colombia).................................. N. brunnescens Ale-Rocha

- Wing entirely hyaline or brownish....................................................................... 11

11 Scutum wholly pruinescent............................................................................. 12

- Scutum mostly shiny, only notopleuron and prescutellar disc clothed in pruinescence............................... 20

12 One long and strong dc pair of setae (Bolivia)............................................... N. halteralis (Bezzi)

- Long and strong dc pair of setae lacking................................................................... 13

13 Fore and mid femora and tibiae yellowish; hind femur strongly thickened; hind tibia distinctly arched with sharp ventral surface; hypandrium with posterior margin deeply concave on left side; right hypandrial lobe wide, about half-length of base, inner margin sinuous with a short apical spine-like tubercle (Fig. 17) (Brazil)................................ N. arcuatus sp. nov.

- Fore and mid femora and tibiae brown to black; hind femur variable; hind tibia not distinctly arched, ventral surface variable; hypandrium not as above............................................................................... 14

14 Scutum clothed in variable pruinescence; right bacilliform sclerite with developed dorsal process appearing in the inner margin of epandrial lamella....................................................................................... 16

- Scutum clothed in reddish brown or mixed yellowish and greyish pruinescence; right bacilliform sclerite without developed dorsal process............................................................................................... 15

15 Thorax with mixed yellowish and greyish pruinescence dorsally; epandrial lamellae short (Figs 27, 28); surstyli complex, strongly setaceous, each divided into two processes (Figs 25, 26) (Brazil).................................. N. hirsutus sp. nov.

- Thorax with reddish brown pruinescence dorsally; epandrial lamellae lengthened; surstyli simple, weakly setaceous and not divided as above (Ale-Rocha 2007, figs 31–34) (Ecuador)..................................... N. cupreus Ale-Rocha

16 Scutum clothed in brown pruinescence on anterior two-thirds and gray on posterior third and scutellum; hypandrium with one long, slender, finger-like medial lobe (Fig. 40) (Brazil)........................................ N. neblinensis sp. nov.

- Scutum clothed in variable color pruinescence, but not as above; hypandrial lobe variable........................... 17

17 Scutum clothed in gray pruinescence with a dorsocentral stripe of brown pruinescence; right bacilliform sclerite with a large and strongly setaceous dorsal process with truncated apex appearing on the inner margin of the epandrial lamella (Ale-Rocha & Carvalho 2003, fig. 19) (Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador)................................................. N. luridus (Bezzi)

- Scutum clothed in reddish brown to rusty pruinescence; right bacilliform sclerite with a bare short dorsal process, apex tapered or round................................................................................................... 18

18 Hypandrium with three apical lobes, median lobe long, slender, sinuous with a hook-like tip, lateral lobes short; process of the right bacilliform sclerite round with short marginal tubercles (Ale-Rocha 2007, figs 61, 65) (Colombia)................................................................................................... N. schlingeri Ale-Rocha

- Hypandrium with two apical triangular lobes, right lobe 2 times length of left lobe; process of the right bacilliform sclerite spine-like (Ale-Rocha 2007, figs 1, 5) (Ecuador)............................................. N. bicolor Ale-Rocha

19 Fore and mid femora yellow, hind femur yellow with brown apex.............................................. 20

- Fore and mid femora pale brown to brown, hind femur brown to dark brown...................................... 21

20 Lacking robust and long dc pair of setae; hind tibia sickle-shaped (Ecuador, Colombia).............. N. elegans Ale-Rocha

- One pair of robust and long dc setae present; hind tibia straight (Colombia)........................... N. rossi Ale-Rocha

21 One pair of robust and long dc setae...................................................................... 23

- Lacking robust and long dc setae........................................................................ 22

22 All tarsomeres brown; terminalia robust; left epandrial lamella broader than right lamella in lateral view; hypandrium broad with three elongate lobes, median lobe longer and arched posteriorly, strongly clavate in lateral view; phallus with brush of

numerous, long and stout ventral spine-like setae at distal third (Ale-Rocha 2007, figs 46, 47, 48) (Ecuador) (Ecuador)......................................................................................... N. fuscipes Ale-Rocha - Only tarsomeres 3–5 brown, tarsomeres 1–2 yellow; terminalia slender; left and right epandrial lamellae with similar width in lateral view; hypandrium slender with posterior margin deeply concave on left side, right hypandrial lobe tapered distally, almost half-length of base of hypandrium (Fig. 46); phallus lacking bristles (Fig. 45) (Brazil, Colombia, Peru).... N. pectinatus sp. nov.

23 Right epandrial lamella deeply cleft distally, with two long processes; hypandrium long with right hypandrial lobe broad, setose, bifid apically, left hypandrial lobe very short and trucate (Ale-Rocha 2007, fig 70) (Ecuador, Colombia).. N. tenuis Ale-Rocha

- Right epandrial lamella trifid distally, with variable processes; hypandrium short or long, with right hypandrial lobe short, if elongate, slender and as long as left hypandrial lobe......................................................... 24

24 Hypandrium short; left hypandrial lobe long and wide, abruptly narrowed distally, longer than right hypandrial lobe, 1.5 times length of base of hypandrium; right hypandrial lobe wide on basal half and slender on remaining, with pointed inner process in middle; phallus with ventral longitudinal series of 7–8 tubercles in middle (Ale-Rocha 2007, fig 18) (Colombia).............................................................................................. N. colombiensis Ale-Rocha