Trypetoptera punctulata (Scopoli, 1763)

Material examined: Iran: East Azerbaijan Province, Shahyordi (grassland habitat) [37°40´N, 46°30´E, 2620 m], 13.06.2009, 3 ♂, 4 ♀ ; Ajabshir (grove habitat) [37°31´N, 46°07´E, 1660 m], 10.07.2009, 2 ♂, 5 ♀ ; Jolfa (grassland habitat) [38°52´N, 46°01´E, 1350 m], 5.07.2010, 4 ♂, 1 ♀ ; Qaradagh (forest habitat) [38°51´N, 46°52´E, 1770 m], 14.06.2010, 7 ♂, 6 ♀ ; Horand (grassland habitat) [38°59´N, 47°22´E, 1370 m], 14.07.2010, 6 ♂, 8 ♀ ; Kandovan (moist grassland habitat) [37°46´N, 46°16´E, 2500 m], 15.07.2010, 2 ♂, 3 ♀ ; Maragheh (grove habitat) [37°25´N, 46°25´E, 1790 m], 5.06.2011, 10 ♂, 12 ♀ ; Ahar (grassland habitat) [38°26´N, 46°53´E, 1530 m], 10.06.2011, 3 ♂, 2 ♀ ; Qurigol (lagoon habitat) [37°54.975´N, 46°41,120´E, 1943 m], 9.07.2012, 4 ♂, 5 ♀ (Khaghaninia leg.) .

D i s t r i b u t i o n. Very widespread, North Europe: Denmark, Sweden, Norway, Scotland, Ireland, Finland to Siberia. South Europe: Italy, Spain, France. North Africa. Middle East: Turkey, Iran: Rozkošný (1987); Seddighi Sadr, Mohammadzade Namin (2016).

Biology. The complete life cycle has been realized in laboratory by Vala (1986) who described all the immature stages. If adult emerge from mid-April no matting is observed before August, due to a long pre-oviposition period, and flies are collected until early November (Vala, 1986). In laboratory, larvae attacked and fed the terrestrial gastropods Candidula unifasciata (Poiret, 1801), Cornu aspersum (Müller, 1774), Lauria cylindracea (Costa, 1778) and Trochulus hispidus (Linnaeus, 1758) (Vala, 1986, Gaponov, 2016). With the viviparous L. cylindracea, the first-instar larvae of T. punctulata fed firstly the young snails located in the pallial cavity of the mother host (Vala, 1986). Then, they fed the later before to leave the shell, and the second and third instar larvae attack larger snails (Vala, 1986). Puparia are mostly formed inside the host snail´s shell. The species is univoltine and overwintering as pupa (Vala, 1986; Gaponov, 2016).

Key to the Coremacera species occurring in Middle East and Central Asia (modified from Vala, Leclercq,1981) (Distribution follows Rozkošný, Elberg,1984); Leclercq, Schacht, 1986)

1. Face with a black round spot or black median strip below antenna. ..................................................... 2

— Face without black spots blow antenna. ................................................................................................ 4

2. Mainly black species; face with black median strip from base of antenna to the mouth edge (Cyprus, Greece, Turkey). ...................................................................................... C. obscuripennis (Loew 1845)

— Mainly brown species; face with a black round spots blow antenna. ................................................... 3

3. Wing: costal margin brown with several light spots; base of wing to anterior cross vein yellow, without reticulate patterns; mesonotum with a longitudinal median yellow dusting strips surrounding with 2 longitudinal grey strips (Central Europe and Iran, Azerbaijan, Armtnia, Turkey). .............................. .......................................................................................................................... C. catenata (Loew, 1847)

— Wing: uniformly reticulated pattern with small spots; hind margin with narrow brownish band; mesonotum dark brown covered by grey dusting with black spots at the base of bristles (Uzbekistan). ..... .................................................................................................................. C. turkestanica (Elberg, 1968)

4. Wing densely reticulate pattern, with a broad brown band from costal margin of wing to apex (Europe, Turkey, Iran). ........................................................................................... C. marginata (Fabricius 1775)

— Wing with normal reticulate pattern, costal margin of wing with whitish or brownish spots. ............. 5

5. Wing with transverse brown bands. ........................................................................................................ 6

— Wing without transverse brown bands, with large light spots, apex of wing from R 2+3 to M 1+2 with a dark brown band (Eurasia, North and south Europe). .......................................... C. fabricii Rozkosny, 1981

7. Wings dark brown, apical half with 2 light transverse bands separated by a small brown transverse band; mesonotum brownish with grey and yellow dusting, many small black and brown spots arranged symmetrically; (Europe, Turkey). ............................................................................ C. trivittata (Loew, 1860)

— Wings light brown, apical half with 2 rows of light spots separated by larger brown transverse bands; mesonotum light brown with whitish dusting, finely brown punctuated and 2 longitudinal rows of brown spots along the dorsocentral bristles and some small brown spots laterally (south Europe, Turkey, Iran). .............................................................................................................................. C. amoena (Loew, 1835)