Hexatoma (Eriocera) Macquart, 1838

Hexatoma (Eriocera) Macquart, 1838: 78, pl. 10, fig. 2; Alexander 1948: 528-529 (in catalogue); Ishida 1959: 2 (in key); Savchenko 1983: 67 (note on distribution); 1986: 342-344 (descriptive note), figs 174,1-2, 176,1-3, 178,1-2; 1989: 121 (descriptive note), figs 58,1, 59,1-2, 60,1.

Caloptera Guerin-Meneville 1831: 20 (nom. obl.).

Eriocera Macquart 1838: 78; Edwards 1921: 67-70 (redescription), pl. 10, figs 1-12.

Evanioptera Guerin-Meneville 1838: 287.

Pterocosmus Walker 1848: 78.

Allarithmia Loew 1850: 36, 38.

Oligomera Doleschall 1857: 387.

Physecrania Bigot 1859: 123.

Arrhenica Osten Sacken 1860: 243-244.

Penthoptera Schiner 1863: 220.

Androclosma Enderlein 1912: 34-35, fig. U.

Globericera Matsumura 1916: 471.

Coreozelia Enderlein 1936: 22 (in key), fig. 40.

Type species.

Hexatoma macquarti (Enderlein, 1912) (= Eriocera nigra Macquart, 1838, = Hexatoma macquarti (Enderlein, 1912)) (Brazil).

Description.

Most characters as for the genus. Medium-sized to large crane flies with body length 6.5-32.0 mm and wing length 7.5-21.0 mm. Most species dark colored, but some could be orange-yellow (e.g., H. masakii Alexander, 1934).

Head. Rounded, vertex with distinct tubercle. Antennae sexually dimorphic. Male antenna longer than that of female, sometimes few times longer than body, 6- or 7-segmented, female antenna 8-11-segmented. Verticils missing or indistinct, but male flagellum often with two longitudinal rows of short erect spines.

Wing. Radial sector with three branches, discal cell always present, three or four branches of M reaching wing margin.

Terminalia. Male terminalia slightly elongate, not wider than preceding abdominal segments. Epandrium transverse, posterior margin slightly concave. Gonocoxite elongate with two pairs of terminal gonostyli. Outer gonostylus long, narrow with spine-shaped apex. Inner gonostylus long, fleshy, and setose. Aedeagus simple, usually short, and straight (Figs 7-9, 17, 18, 22, 23, 30, 31, 40, 44, 52, 53), but could be long (Figs 36, 37) and arched (Figs 57, 58). Paramere usually two-branched and variable among species. Ovipositor with long and narrow cercus and long hypovalva, distal part of cercus slightly raised upwards, acute, some species with subapically dilated hypovalva.

Subgenus H. (Eriocera) includes 556 extant species (seven of them with two subspecies each). It has a worldwide distribution with the highest diversity in the Oriental region, 286 species (four of them with two subspecies each), the Neotropics, 143 species, and the Eastern Palearctic, 65 species. Thirty-three species (one of them with two subspecies) are recorded from Nearctic, 29 species (one with two subspecies) from Afrotropics, five species from Australasia, and four species from West Palaearctic (Oosterbroek 2022). Three fossil species are described from Eocenian Baltic amber (Evenhuis 2014).

List of Korean Hexatoma crane flies

Hexatoma (Eriocera) gifuensis Alexander, 1933

Hexatoma (Eriocera) ilwola Podenas, sp. nov.

Hexatoma (Eriocera) masakii Alexander, 1934

Hexatoma (Eriocera) pernigrina Alexander, 1938

Hexatoma (Eriocera) pianigra Podenas, sp. nov.

Hexatoma (Eriocera) serenensis Podenas, sp. nov.

Hexatoma (Eriocera) stackelbergi Alexander, 1933

Hexatoma (Eriocera) ussuriensis Alexander, 1934